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Animal behavior.

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Animal behavior.

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"In December and January of 1911-1912 I delivered the Christmas Course of Lectures, "adapted to a Juvenile Auditory," at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, and took as my subject " The Childhood of Animals." The six lectures were not written; they shaped themselves as the course proceeded, partly in relation to the set of lantern-slides, specimens and living animals that I was able to bring, and partly in accordance with the advice of my kind and experienced friend Sir James Dewar. This book is not a printed version of the lectures, although it tells the same story in a different fashion. A lecture must be as direct and as little cumbered with detail as may be; the leaves of a book can be turned backwards and forwards, and its lines skipped or re-read. I have therefore been able to include many details that I had to omit when I was speaking, and to cover my canvas in a different way. In particular, I am no longer trying to address a juvenile auditory; I have attempted to avoid the use of terms familiar only to students of zoology, and to refrain from anatomical detail, but at the same time to refrain from the irritating habit of assuming that my readers have no knowledge, no dictionaries and no other books. My object has been to bring together observations old and new that seemed to throw a light on the nature of the period in the life-history of animals between birth and maturity, rather than to write a formal treatise on the subject. I have not found it possible, nor have I tried to keep strictly within the logical confines of the title. Where the subject seemed to lead, there I have followed cheerfully, remembering that I am not preparing readers for an examination where no marks will be assigned to extraneous matter"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).

Animal behavior.

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Plus aucune science ne peut penser les animaux à elle seule, ni prétendre pouvoir faire le tour de la question : pour mieux lire les animaux, il faut croiser les sciences. C'est devenu une évidence entre les différentes sciences de la nature, où des croisements ont déjà donné naissance à des hybrides devenus disciplines à part entière, telle l'écologie comportementale ; c'est aussi vrai entre les sciences humaines, qui ont investi, depuis quelques décennies, le versant humain des relations avec les animaux. Cet ouvrage propose un troisième croisement, novateur, difficile, car peu pensé, peu usité, entre les sciences dites « de la nature » et les sciences dites « humaines ». Il s'agit de montrer que les questions, les concepts et les méthodes de ces dernières peuvent apporter beaucoup à la connaissance des animaux eux-mêmes, à l'étude de leurs capacités qui sont de plus en plus reconnues comme étant riches et complexes. Il y a profit - et donc un besoin - à croiser les sciences de la vie - génétique, physiologie, éthologie, écologie, neurosciences - avec les sciences de l'homme - archéozoologie, histoire de l'art, histoire, littérature, anthropologie, sociologie, ethnologie - pour décrypter, saisir et penser davantage les animaux - en somme, passer sur le versant animal. Rassemblant des spécialistes de ces disciplines, ce livre s'adresse aux archéologues, aux historiens, aux géographes, aux littéraires, aux anthropologues, aux sociologues, aux philosophes, comme aux généticiens, aux zoologues, aux éthologues, aux écologues, aux vétérinaires. Et aux passionnés d'animaux.

Animal behavior.

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"Zoology has not been renowned for a paucity of methods or viewpoints. Some workers have approached ecological problems from a theoretical, mathematical standpoint; others have been decidedly pragmatic and empirical. A few have even proven able to reconcile these often divergent approaches within the scope of some particularly masterful study. Yet, for all the diversity in the approaches to the major problems of ecology, there has been a striking neglect of psychological factors that control or regulate the behavior of animals. This bald assertion is not intended to minimize the frequency, importance, or value of specific behavioral studies which seek to explain habitat selection, food preferences, or the like. What is lacking is a more general account of the relation between the principles and facts studied by psychologists and those of interest to ecologists. In this short book, we hope to summarize what we consider to be the major problems of ecology and to suggest how the application of psychological viewpoints can contribute to our understanding of them. Our approach is frankly speculative, for the present need seems to be for a suggestion of the nature of the rapprochement of ecology and psychology rather than for an exhaustive review of the areas of overlap. What, then, are the ecologist's fundamental problems? These have traditionally dealt with the manner in which a finite amount of space and energy is distributed among species, as well as with a temporal dimension of this distribution. We may restate these problems colloquially: 1. Why don't predators overeat their prey? 2. How are space and food shared? 3. Why are there so many species? 4. How do species remain distinct? These seemingly simple queries, as a moment's reflection will show, require a consideration of competition, trophic levels and energy exchange, community stability, niche diversification, speciation, and those related topics which comprise the entire field of ecology. By casting our questions in this particular form, the strictly behavioral problems in ecology can be best outlined"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Animal behavior.