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Helden sind zumindest in Deutschland Erscheinungen einer fernen Vergangenheit oder Gestalten, die eher fremden Kulturen angehören. Das gilt in ganz besonderer Weise für den heroischen Krieger aber auch andere Figuren, deren Taten und Leben in irgendeiner Weise politisch relevant sein könnten. Selbst der klassische Freiheitskämpfer hat keine wirkliche Konjunktur mehr. Es gab jedoch Zeiten, in denen dies anders war und nicht nur die politische Kultur, sondern auch gängige Verhaltensmuster und Ideale von Männlichkeit stark durch heroische Ideale geprägt waren. Vor der Französischen Revolution galt das allerdings in ganz Europa weniger für die gesamte Gesellschaft, sondern für bestimmte heroische Gemeinschaften, von denen der frühneuzeitliche Adel die prominenteste ist.Zentrales Thema dieses Bandes sind der Aufstieg und Niedergang des aristokratischen Heros vom späten 16. bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts in England und Frankreich. Dabei erweist sich, dass in Frankreich der adlige Held der Verbürgerlichung und Moralisierung des Heroischen am Ende zum Opfer fiel, während in England eine Transformation heroischer Verhaltensmuster gelang. Die traditionelle politisch-soziale Elite entwickelte hier neue heroische Verhaltensnormen, die auch noch in der commercial society des 18. Jahrhunderts in gewissem Umfang vermittelbar blieben, auch wenn im 19. Jahrhundert auch hier der bürgerliche Held immer mehr in den Vordergrund trat.
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During a modern age that saw the expansion of its democracy, the fading of its empire, and two world wars, Britain's hereditary aristocracy was pushed from the centre to the margins of the nation's affairs. Widely remarked on by commentators at the time, this radical redrawing of the social and political map provoked a newly intensified fascination with the aristocracy among modern writers. Undone by history, the British aristocracy and its Anglo-Irish cousins wereremade by literary modernism. Modernism and the Aristocracy: Monsters of English Privilege is about the results of that remaking.The book traces the literary consequences of the modernist preoccupation with aristocracy in the works of Elizabeth Bowen, Ford Madox Ford, Aldous Huxley, D.H. Lawrence, Evelyn Waugh, Rebecca West, and others writing in Britain and Ireland in the first half of the twentieth century. Combining an historical focus on the decades between the two world wars with close attention to the verbal textures and formal structures of literary texts, Adam Parkes asks: What did the decline of the Britisharistocracy do for modernist writers? What imaginative and creative opportunities did the historical fate of the aristocracy precipitate in writers of the new democratic age? Exploring a range of feelings, affects, and attitudes that modernist authors associated with the aristocracy in the interwarperiod--from stupidity, boredom, and nostalgia to sophistication, cruelty, and kindness--the book also asks what impact this subject-matter has on the form and style of modernist texts, and why the results have appealed to readers then and now. In tackling such questions, Parkes argues for a reawakening of curiosity about connections between class, status, and literature in the modernist period.
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Das Wichtigste im Leben eines römischen Aristokraten war seine Karriere. Im Konkurrenzkampf um Ansehen, Ehre und Ruhm konnte in der römischen Republik nur bestehen, wer von jungen Jahren an eine erfolgreiche politische Laufbahn einschlug, und das heißt: wer sich erfolgreich um die öffentlichen Ämter bewarb. In der mittleren Republik gab es jedoch keine systematische Rangordnung dieser Ämter in Form eines cursus honorum - eine Vereinheitlichung wurde erst mit der lex Villia annalis des Jahres 180 v. Chr. angestrebt. Das Buch von Hans Beck untersucht erstmals den Verlauf politischer Karrieren in Rom vor dieser Regelung.
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"Ann Williams' important new book discusses the dynamics of English aristocratic society in a way that has not been explored before. She investigates the rewards and obligations of status including birth, wealth, the importance of public and royal service and the need to participate in local affairs, especially legal and administrative business. This period saw the birth of a 'lesser aristocracy', the ancestors of the English gentry, the power-house of society and politics in the late medieval and early modern periods. Going on to examine the obligations and rewards of lordship and the relations between lords and their men, Williams illustrates how status was displayed and covers the importance of the manorial house, which was at once a home, an estate centre and a symbol of authority and the insignia of rank in weaponry, clothing and personal adornment. The growing gap between the highest rank of society and the lowest, fuelled by underlying economic developments is also covered. In conclusion she considers some of the occupations which symbolized and perpetuated lordly power. Though the upper levels of aristocratic society were swept away by the Norman settlement, the 'lesser aristocracy' had a much higher rate of survival and it was this group who began the manorialization of English society, familiar from the late medieval period."--Bloomsbury Publishing.
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The Mexican aristocracy today is simultaneously an anachronism and a testimony to the persistence of social institutions. Shut out from political power by the democratization movements of the twentieth century, stripped of the basis of its great wealth by land reforms in the 1930s, the aristocracy nonetheless maintains a strong sense of group identity through the deeply held belief that their ancestors were the architects and rulers of Mexico for nearly four hundred years. This expressive ethnography describes the transformation of the Mexican aristocracy from the onset of the Mexican Revolution of 1910, when the aristocracy was unquestionably Mexico's highest-ranking social class, until the end of the twentieth century, when it had almost ceased to function as a superordinate social group. Drawing on extensive interviews with group members, Nutini maps out the expressive aspects of aristocratic culture in such areas as perceptions of class and race, city and country living, education and professional occupations, political participation, religion, kinship, marriage and divorce, and social ranking. His findings explain why social elites persist even when they have lost their status as ruling and political classes and also illuminate the relationship between the aristocracy and Mexico's new political and economic plutocracy.
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