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Book
Ribonucleases
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ISBN: 3642210775 3642210783 Year: 2011 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer,

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Abstract

Ribonucleases are a ubiquitous and functionally diverse group of enzymes that have a common ability to cleave RNA. Either through scission of internal phosphodiesters, or removal of nucleotides from RNA 5’ or 3’ ends, ribonucleases perform essential roles in gene expression and regulation, genome replication and maintenance, host defense, stress response, and viral strategies of infection. Ribonucleases have also served as highly informative models to understand virtually every aspect of biomolecular structure and function. The fifteen chapters in this volume are written by recognized researchers in the field, and provide in-depth analyses of the major ribonuclease families. Particular focus is given to the relation of ribonuclease structure and mechanism to biological function, as well as ribonuclease dysfunction in certain disease states. Other topics include the evolutionary genetics and functional diversification of ribonucleases, engineered ribonucleases as anti-cancer agents, the mechanisms of action of artificial ribonucleases, and ribonucleases as models to understand protein folding and stability. This volume should serve as an essential reference for a broad range of researchers and educators with interests in RNA metabolism, enzymology, and gene regulation.


Book
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease : Volume 1
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3642136621 9786612971419 1282971417 364213663X Year: 2011 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer,

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Abstract

From humble beginnings over 25 years ago as a lipid kinase activity associated with certain oncoproteins, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) has been catapulted to the forefront of drug development in cancer, immunity and thrombosis, with the first clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors now in progress. Here the authors give a brief overview of some key discoveries in the PI3K area and their impact, and include thoughts on the current state of the field, and where it could go from here.


Book
Finding what works in health care : standards for systematic reviews
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0309164257 9786613151759 1283151758 0309164265 0309216710 Year: 2011 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press,


Book
Evidence, Ethos and Experiment

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Abstract

Medical research has been central to biomedicine in Africa for over a century, and Africa, along with other tropical areas, has been crucial to the development of medical science. At present, study populations in Africa participate in an increasing number of medical research projects and clinical trials, run by both public institutions and private companies. Global debates about the politics and ethics of this research are growing and local concerns are prompting calls for social studies of the "trial communities" produced by this scientific work. Drawing on rich, ethnographic and historiogra

Keywords

Human experimentation in medicine -- Moral and ethical aspects -- Africa. --- Medical ethics. --- Medicine -- Research -- Moral and ethical aspects -- Africa. --- Medicine --- Human experimentation in medicine --- Medical ethics --- Research --- Culture --- Investigative Techniques --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Ethics --- History --- Science --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Sociology --- Humanities --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Human Experimentation --- Cross-Cultural Comparison --- History, 20th Century --- Ethics, Research --- Biomedical Research --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Ethics & Philosophy --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Experimentation on humans, Medical --- Medical experimentation on humans --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Medicine, Experimental --- Clinical trials --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- history, 20th century --- biomedical research/history --- africa --- cross-cultural comparison --- human experimentation/history --- ethics, research/history --- history --- 20th century --- ethics --- research/history --- Field research --- Kenya --- Kinship --- Kisumu --- Malaria --- Mosquito --- Public health --- Yellow fever


Book
Molecular and Functional Models in Neuropsychiatry
Author:
ISBN: 3642197027 3642197035 Year: 2011 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer,

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Abstract

Common neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with significant human and economic cost. The development of more effective treatments requires scientific progress on a broad front and animal models have a vital role to play in these advances, enabling exploration of the functional consequences of molecular changes at the cellular, systems and behavioural levels. This volume discusses some of the latest and most exciting advances in the field. The first five chapters consider developments in gene modification techniques, their applications in vivo across a variety of species and the latest work related to Schizophrenia, Huntington’s Disease and Major Depressive Disorder. Three chapters then focus on recent developments in Autism, Drug Dependence and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In the final four chapters consideration is given to the development of models in larger species and to emergent approaches, such as epigenetic regulation, gene X environment interactions and MRI as a tool for understanding the function of neuronal systems in non- human species, all of which are likely to play an increasingly important role in the scientific discourse related to neuropsychiatric diseases.

Keywords

Neurobehavioral disorders -- Animal models. --- Neurobehavioral disorders -- Molecular aspects. --- Neurobehavioral disorders. --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Neuropsychiatry. --- Behavioral neurology --- Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Psychiatry. --- Psychopharmacology. --- Behavioral sciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Biological psychiatry --- Animal behavior. --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Medicine and psychology --- Mental health --- Psychology, Pathological --- Behavioral pharmacology --- Drugs --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacology --- Psychotropic drugs --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Behavior --- Diseases --- Psychotropic effects --- Health Workforce --- Neurology . --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Biology --- Psychobiology. --- Human behavior. --- Neuroscience. --- Biomedical Research. --- Behavioral Neuroscience. --- Research. --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Human action --- Human beings --- Physical anthropology --- Psychology --- Social sciences --- Biological psychology --- Biopsychology --- Human behavior --- Biological research --- Biomedical research


Book
A Handbook of Transcription Factors
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ISBN: 9048190681 904819069X Year: 2011 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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Abstract

Transcription factors are - in the most common use of the term - proteins that possess sequence-specific DNA-binding activity, and either directly or indirectly influence the transcription of genes in proximity to the binding site. Transcription factors are the primary interface between the cell and the genome, and in aggregate control not only regulation of transcription but also genome organization, and play a central role in many aspects of physiology and evolution. This book will provide a reference for the major aspects of transcription factor biochemistry, function, and evolution. Contents will range from a general catalogue of known transcription factor classes, origins and evolution of transcription factor types, and mechanisms of interaction with chromatin, the nuclear scaffold, and RNA polymerase.


Book
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: ---
ISBN: 364217082X 9786613081018 3642170838 1283081016 Year: 2011 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer,

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body> In this volume, the editors have collected the knowledgeable insights of a number of leaders in this field - researchers who have achieved success in addressing the difficult problem of inhibiting protein-protein interactions. These researchers describe their unique approaches, and share experiences, results, thoughts, and opinions. The content of the articles is rich, and in terms of scope ranges from generalized approaches to specific case studies. There are various focal points, including methodologies and the molecules themselves. Ultimately, there are numerous lessons to be taken away from this collection, and the editors hope that this snapshot of the current state of the art in developing protein-protein inhibitors not only pays tribute to the past successes, but also generates excitement about the future potential of this field.


Book
Research training in the biomedical, behavioral, and clinical research sciences
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0309159652 9786613019110 1283019116 0309159660 9780309159661 9780309159654 0309209935 Year: 2011 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press,

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Abstract

"Comprehensive research and a highly trained workforce are essential for the improvement of health and health care both nationally and internationally. Over the past 40 years the National Research Services Award (NRSA) Program has played a large role in training the workforce responsible for dramatic advances in the understanding of various diseases and new insights that have led to more effective and targeted therapies. In spite of this program, the difficulty obtaining jobs after the postdoc period has discouraged many domestic students from pursuing graduate postdoc training. In the United States, more than 50 percent of the postdoc workforce is made up of individuals who obtained their Ph. D.s from other countries. Indeed, one can make a strong argument that the influx of highly trained and creative foreigners has contributed greatly to U.S. science over the past 70 years. Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences discusses a number of important issues, including: the job prospects for postdocs completing their training; questions about the continued supply of international postdocs in an increasingly competitive world; the need for equal, excellent training for all graduate students who receive NIH funding; and the need to increase the diversity of trainees. The book recommends improvements in minority recruiting, more rigorous and extensive training in the responsible conduct of research and ethics, increased emphasis on career development, more attention to outcomes, and the requirement for incorporating more quantitative thinking in the biomedical curriculum."--Publisher's description.


Periodical
International journal of students' research.
ISSN: 23216662 Year: 2011 Publisher: Ahmendnagar : International Journal of Students' Research,

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