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Ribonucleases are a ubiquitous and functionally diverse group of enzymes that have a common ability to cleave RNA. Either through scission of internal phosphodiesters, or removal of nucleotides from RNA 5’ or 3’ ends, ribonucleases perform essential roles in gene expression and regulation, genome replication and maintenance, host defense, stress response, and viral strategies of infection. Ribonucleases have also served as highly informative models to understand virtually every aspect of biomolecular structure and function. The fifteen chapters in this volume are written by recognized researchers in the field, and provide in-depth analyses of the major ribonuclease families. Particular focus is given to the relation of ribonuclease structure and mechanism to biological function, as well as ribonuclease dysfunction in certain disease states. Other topics include the evolutionary genetics and functional diversification of ribonucleases, engineered ribonucleases as anti-cancer agents, the mechanisms of action of artificial ribonucleases, and ribonucleases as models to understand protein folding and stability. This volume should serve as an essential reference for a broad range of researchers and educators with interests in RNA metabolism, enzymology, and gene regulation.
Ribonucleases -- Structure-activity relationships. --- Ribonucleases. --- Ribonucleases --- Esterases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Hydrolases --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- RNases --- Life sciences. --- Molecular biology. --- Nucleic acids. --- Enzymology. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Nucleases --- Enzymes. --- Cytology. --- Medicine. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Proteins --- Enzymology --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biophysics --- Systems biology --- Biomaterials. --- Medicine --- Nucleic Acid. --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research
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From humble beginnings over 25 years ago as a lipid kinase activity associated with certain oncoproteins, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) has been catapulted to the forefront of drug development in cancer, immunity and thrombosis, with the first clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors now in progress. Here the authors give a brief overview of some key discoveries in the PI3K area and their impact, and include thoughts on the current state of the field, and where it could go from here.
Phosphoinositides. --- Cell proliferation. --- Cell death. --- Apoptosis. --- Phosphatidylinositides --- Phosphatidylinositol phosphates --- Cell renewal --- Cellular proliferation --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Human physiology. --- Molecular biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Human Physiology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Cancer research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Cell death --- Cell degeneration --- Cells --- Death (Biology) --- Cell cycle --- Cell division --- Cell populations --- Phospholipids --- Inositol --- Growth --- Oncology. --- Tumors --- Health Workforce --- Cancer. --- Medicine --- Biology --- Cancer Biology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors
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Comparative Effectiveness Research - standards - United States. --- Medical care --- North America --- Health Services Research --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Quality of Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Biomedical Research --- Health Services Administration --- Americas --- Health Care --- Geographic Locations --- Research --- Geographicals --- Science --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) --- Comparative Effectiveness Research --- United States --- Standards --- Quality control --- Quality control.
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Medical research has been central to biomedicine in Africa for over a century, and Africa, along with other tropical areas, has been crucial to the development of medical science. At present, study populations in Africa participate in an increasing number of medical research projects and clinical trials, run by both public institutions and private companies. Global debates about the politics and ethics of this research are growing and local concerns are prompting calls for social studies of the "trial communities" produced by this scientific work. Drawing on rich, ethnographic and historiogra
Human experimentation in medicine -- Moral and ethical aspects -- Africa. --- Medical ethics. --- Medicine -- Research -- Moral and ethical aspects -- Africa. --- Medicine --- Human experimentation in medicine --- Medical ethics --- Research --- Culture --- Investigative Techniques --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Ethics --- History --- Science --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Sociology --- Humanities --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Human Experimentation --- Cross-Cultural Comparison --- History, 20th Century --- Ethics, Research --- Biomedical Research --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Ethics & Philosophy --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Experimentation on humans, Medical --- Medical experimentation on humans --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Medicine, Experimental --- Clinical trials --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- history, 20th century --- biomedical research/history --- africa --- cross-cultural comparison --- human experimentation/history --- ethics, research/history --- history --- 20th century --- ethics --- research/history --- Field research --- Kenya --- Kinship --- Kisumu --- Malaria --- Mosquito --- Public health --- Yellow fever
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Common neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with significant human and economic cost. The development of more effective treatments requires scientific progress on a broad front and animal models have a vital role to play in these advances, enabling exploration of the functional consequences of molecular changes at the cellular, systems and behavioural levels. This volume discusses some of the latest and most exciting advances in the field. The first five chapters consider developments in gene modification techniques, their applications in vivo across a variety of species and the latest work related to Schizophrenia, Huntington’s Disease and Major Depressive Disorder. Three chapters then focus on recent developments in Autism, Drug Dependence and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In the final four chapters consideration is given to the development of models in larger species and to emergent approaches, such as epigenetic regulation, gene X environment interactions and MRI as a tool for understanding the function of neuronal systems in non- human species, all of which are likely to play an increasingly important role in the scientific discourse related to neuropsychiatric diseases.
Neurobehavioral disorders -- Animal models. --- Neurobehavioral disorders -- Molecular aspects. --- Neurobehavioral disorders. --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Neuropsychiatry. --- Behavioral neurology --- Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Psychiatry. --- Psychopharmacology. --- Behavioral sciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Biological psychiatry --- Animal behavior. --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Medicine and psychology --- Mental health --- Psychology, Pathological --- Behavioral pharmacology --- Drugs --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacology --- Psychotropic drugs --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Behavior --- Diseases --- Psychotropic effects --- Health Workforce --- Neurology . --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Biology --- Psychobiology. --- Human behavior. --- Neuroscience. --- Biomedical Research. --- Behavioral Neuroscience. --- Research. --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Human action --- Human beings --- Physical anthropology --- Psychology --- Social sciences --- Biological psychology --- Biopsychology --- Human behavior --- Biological research --- Biomedical research
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Transcription factors are - in the most common use of the term - proteins that possess sequence-specific DNA-binding activity, and either directly or indirectly influence the transcription of genes in proximity to the binding site. Transcription factors are the primary interface between the cell and the genome, and in aggregate control not only regulation of transcription but also genome organization, and play a central role in many aspects of physiology and evolution. This book will provide a reference for the major aspects of transcription factor biochemistry, function, and evolution. Contents will range from a general catalogue of known transcription factor classes, origins and evolution of transcription factor types, and mechanisms of interaction with chromatin, the nuclear scaffold, and RNA polymerase.
Transcription factors -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Transcription factors -- Laboratory manuals. --- Transcription factors -- Research -- Methodology. --- Transcription factors. --- Transcription factors --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Proteins --- Biology --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Transcription Factors --- Physiology --- Genetics --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Genetic transcription factors --- Medicine. --- Biochemistry. --- Nucleic acids. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general. --- Medicine --- Biomaterials. --- Biomedical Research. --- Nucleic Acid. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research
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body> In this volume, the editors have collected the knowledgeable insights of a number of leaders in this field - researchers who have achieved success in addressing the difficult problem of inhibiting protein-protein interactions. These researchers describe their unique approaches, and share experiences, results, thoughts, and opinions. The content of the articles is rich, and in terms of scope ranges from generalized approaches to specific case studies. There are various focal points, including methodologies and the molecules themselves. Ultimately, there are numerous lessons to be taken away from this collection, and the editors hope that this snapshot of the current state of the art in developing protein-protein inhibitors not only pays tribute to the past successes, but also generates excitement about the future potential of this field.
Enzyme inhibitors. --- Enzymes. --- Protein. --- Protein-protein interactions. --- Protein-protein interactions --- Enzyme inhibitors --- Laboratory Chemicals --- Biochemical Processes --- Drug Discovery --- Metabolism --- Chemical Processes --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Investigative Techniques --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Specialty Uses of Chemicals --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Pharmacology --- Chemical Phenomena --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Chemistry --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Small Molecule Libraries --- Drug Design --- Protein Binding --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Interactions, Protein-protein --- Protein interactions --- Medicine. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Molecular association --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general. --- Medicine --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research
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"Comprehensive research and a highly trained workforce are essential for the improvement of health and health care both nationally and internationally. Over the past 40 years the National Research Services Award (NRSA) Program has played a large role in training the workforce responsible for dramatic advances in the understanding of various diseases and new insights that have led to more effective and targeted therapies. In spite of this program, the difficulty obtaining jobs after the postdoc period has discouraged many domestic students from pursuing graduate postdoc training. In the United States, more than 50 percent of the postdoc workforce is made up of individuals who obtained their Ph. D.s from other countries. Indeed, one can make a strong argument that the influx of highly trained and creative foreigners has contributed greatly to U.S. science over the past 70 years. Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences discusses a number of important issues, including: the job prospects for postdocs completing their training; questions about the continued supply of international postdocs in an increasingly competitive world; the need for equal, excellent training for all graduate students who receive NIH funding; and the need to increase the diversity of trainees. The book recommends improvements in minority recruiting, more rigorous and extensive training in the responsible conduct of research and ethics, increased emphasis on career development, more attention to outcomes, and the requirement for incorporating more quantitative thinking in the biomedical curriculum."--Publisher's description.
Behavioral Research - education - United States. --- Medical research personnel --- Social sciences --- Social scientists --- Behavioral scientists --- Research --- Occupational Groups --- Financing, Organized --- North America --- Behavioral Sciences --- Persons --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Science --- Named Groups --- Americas --- Economics --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Geographic Locations --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Health Care --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Geographicals --- Behavioral Research --- United States --- Research Personnel --- Financing, Government --- Education --- Biomedical Research --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Research --- Supply and demand --- Medical sciences --- Biology --- Psychology --- Research. --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Social science research --- Psychological research --- Biomedical research --- Medical research --- Biological research --- Basic medical sciences --- Basic sciences, Medical --- Biomedical sciences --- Health sciences --- Preclinical sciences --- Sciences, Medical --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Life sciences --- Health Workforce
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Medicine --- Medical students --- Medical students. --- Research --- Research. --- India. --- Allied Health. --- Health & Medicine (General) --- Biomedical research --- Medical research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Bharat --- Bhārata --- Government of India --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Indii︠a︡ --- Indland --- Republic of India --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- Health occupations students --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Indi --- Indii͡ --- Indo --- Health Workforce --- Health & Medicine (General). --- Medicine - General
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Medical care --- Medicine --- Evidence-based medicine --- Soins médicaux --- Médecine --- Médecine factuelle --- Evaluation --- Periodicals. --- Research --- Périodiques --- Recherche --- Evidence-based medicine. --- Evaluation. --- Research. --- Health & Medicine (General) --- Biomedical research --- Medical research --- EBM (Medicine) --- Evidence-based healthcare --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- health services research --- health care --- comparative effectiveness --- health systems --- Clinical medicine --- Systematic reviews (Medical research) --- Public health --- Decision making --- Health Workforce --- Human medicine