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This paper studies interactions between aid and three other major North-South flows : international trade, FDI and migrations. It mainly focuses on the question of whether aid is allocated to countries that are benefiting from the other flows considered here or the reverse. It appears that aid allocation is increasingly compensatory, while its relative weight among other flows, and hence its compensatory power, has decreased over the past three decades. This paper also addresses whether policies carried out in the other dimensions affect the efficiency of a dollar of aid in terms of the poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it appears that the empirical identification of positive complementarities between aid and other policies is particularly difficult to reach.

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Transport infrastructure has been dangerously neglected in recent times. Lack of transport infrastructure impedes economic integration and poverty reduction. Involving the private sector in financing the transport infrastructure is proving harder than anticipated.

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Efforts to establish, test and analyse hypotheses regarding cross-country variations in women’s economic status are hampered by the lack of a readily accessible and easily used information resource on the various dimensions of gender inequality. Addressing this gap, this paper introduces the Gender, Institutions and Development database (GID) of the OECD Development Centre. The GID constitutes an important improvement upon existing sources, notably because it incorporates institutional variables related to norms, laws, codes of conduct, customs, and family traditions that heretofore have been neglected in quantitative comparative studies. To illustrate the utility of the GID, the paper models the determinants of women’s participation in the labour force – an indicator of gender equality as well as an important ingredient for long-run economic growth – and demonstrates that the economic role of women hinges critically on variations in discriminatory social institutions.

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A coherent institutional framework that supports investment, exchange and representation mechanisms is a key precondition for agricultural development. The importance of customs and traditions for the process of agrarian transformation has been overlooked. Changes in formal institutions must be complementary to cultural norms and accommodate or foster the evolution of customary practices.

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Avec, en 2005, et pour la troisième année consécutive, des performances satisfaisantes, l’embellie des économies africaines semble devoir se prolonger. Cependant la persistance d’un prix élevé du pétrole constitue à moyen terme un risque important pour les importateurs africains d’hydrocarbures.

Development