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This publication is based on a research project “Zukünftige Entwicklungsstrategien für den Biosphärenpark Großes Walsertal (Future strategies for the development of the biosphere reserve Grosses Walsertal)”, a regional economic and perceptional geographic analysis. This project aimed at an application-oriented contribution towards a social-regional concomitant research in protected areas. This approach fosters self-conception of biosphere reserves as “model regions for sustainable development”. Diese Publikation basiert auf den Ergebnissen des Forschungsprojektes „Zukünftige Entwicklungsstrategien für den Biosphärenpark Großes Walsertal. Eine regionalwirtschaftliche und perzeptionsgeographische Analyse“. Das Forschungsvorhaben setzte sich zum Ziel, einen anwendungsorientierten Beitrag zur sozial- und regionalwissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung in Schutzgebieten zu leisten. Dies ist in Biosphärenreservaten (in Österreich Biosphärenpark genannt) insofern relevant, als sich diese in ihrem Selbstverständnis als „Modellregionen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung“ sehen.

Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning --- Conservation of the environment

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What might an interactive artwork look like that enabled greater expressive potential for all of the components of the event? How can we radically shift our idea of interactivity towards an ecological conception of the term, emphasising the generation of complex relation over the stability of objects and subjects? Gathering Ecologies explores this ethical and political shift in thinking, examining the creative potential of differential relations through key concepts from the philosophies of A.N. Whitehead, Gilbert Simondon and Michel Serres. Utilising detailed examinations of work by artists such as Lygia Clark, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Nathaniel Stern and Joyce Hinterding, the book discusses the creative potential of movement, perception and sensation, interfacing, sound and generative algorithmic design to tune an event towards the conditions of its own ecological emergence.

Ecological science, the Biosphere --- interactivity --- ecologies --- Concrescence --- Gilbert Simondon --- Immanence --- Individuation --- Parasitism

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This edited book, Emerging Pollutants in the Environment Current and Further Implications, includes overviews by significant researchers on the topic of emerging pollutants toxicology, which covers the hazardous effects of common emerging xenobiotics employed in our every day anthropogenic activities. We hope that this book will meet the expectations and needs of all those who are interested in the negative implications of several emerging pollutants on living species.

Pollutants. --- Chemical pollutants --- Contaminants, Environmental --- Environmental contaminants --- Environmental pollutants --- Chemicals --- Pollution --- Ecological science, the Biosphere

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- data logger --- eco physiology --- activity pattern --- foraging --- movement ecology

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Evolution of the horse has been an often-cited primary example of evolution, as well as one of the classic and important stories in paleontology for over a century and a half, due to their rich fossil record across 5 continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The recent horse has served a profound role in human ancestry, including agriculture, commerce, sport, transport, warfare, and in prehistory, for the subsistence of humans. Many studies have examined the evolution of the Equidae and chronicled the striking changes in skulls, dentition, limbs, and body size which have long been perceived to be a response to environmental shifts through time. Most comprehensive studies heretofore have: (1) focused on the “Great Transformation”- changes that occurred in the early Miocene, (2) involved tracking long-term diversity or paleoecological trends on a single continent or within a geographical locality, or (3) concentrated on the 3-toed hipparions. The Plio–Pleistocene evolutionary stage of horse evolution is punctuated by the great climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary beginning 2.6 Ma which influenced Equus evolution, biogeographic dispersion and adaptation on a nearly global scale. The evolutionary biology of Equus evolution across its entire range remains relatively poorly understood and often highly controversial. Some of this lack of understanding is due to assumptions that have arisen because of the relatively derived craniodental and postcranial anatomy of Equus and its close relatives which has seemed to imply that that these forms occupied relatively homogenous and narrow dietary and locomotor niches - notions that have not been adequately addressed and rigorously tested. Other challenges have revolved around teasing apart environmentally-driven adaptation versus phylogenetically defined morphological change. Geochronologic age control of localities, geographic provinces and continents has improved, but in no way is absolute and can be reexamined in our proposed volume. Temporal resolution for paleodietary, paleohabitat and paleoecological interpretations are also challenging for understanding the evolution of Equus. Our proposed volume attempts to assemble a group of experts who will address multiple dimensions of Equus’ evolution in time and space.

Science: general issues --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Ecomorphology --- Equus --- Paleoecology --- Taxonomy --- Biogeography