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Reliquaries, Byzantine. --- Reliquaries, Medieval. --- Holy Cross. --- Reliquaires byzantins --- Reliquaires médiévaux --- Sainte Croix --- Reliquaries, Byzantine --- Reliquaries, Medieval --- Holy Cross --- Reliquaires médiévaux --- Medieval reliquaries --- Byzantine reliquaries --- Relics and reliquaries, Byzantine --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Reliques --- Croix

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Liturgy --- Christian church history --- Christian theology --- anno 500-799 --- Feast of the Cross --- Holy Cross --- Spirituality --- Exaltation de la sainte Croix, Fête de l' --- Sainte Croix --- Spiritualité --- History and criticism. --- Legends. --- History --- Liturgie --- Histoire et critique --- Légendes --- Histoire --- 264-047 --- -Holy Cross --- -Spirituality --- -#GROL:SEMI-264.020.2 --- Spiritual-mindedness --- Philosophy --- Religion --- Spiritual life --- Cross --- Cross, Feast of the --- Encaenia --- Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross --- Feast of the Holy Cross --- Feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross --- Holy Cross, Feast of the --- Meskel --- Church year --- Fasts and feasts --- Kruisvinding. Kruisverheffing. Feesten van het kerkelijk jaar--(andere) --- -History and criticism --- Legends --- -Theses --- 264-047 Kruisvinding. Kruisverheffing. Feesten van het kerkelijk jaar--(andere) --- Exaltation de la sainte Croix, Fête de l' --- Spiritualité --- Légendes --- #GROL:SEMI-264.020.2 --- Liturgy&delete& --- History and criticism --- Theses --- Feast of the Cross - Liturgy - History and criticism. --- Holy Cross - Legends. --- Spirituality - Europe - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500.

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Holy Cross --- Reliquary crosses --- Reliquaries, Byzantine --- History --- Crosses --- Reliquaries --- Byzantine reliquaries --- Relics and reliquaries, Byzantine --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Exhibitions --- Holy Cross - Exhibitions --- Reliquary crosses - Germany - Limburg an der Lahn - Exhibitions --- Reliquary crosses - Germany - Limburg an der Lahn - History - Exhibitions --- Reliquary crosses - Germany - Frankfurt am Main - Exhibitions --- Reliquaries, Byzantine - Germany - Limburg an der Lahn - Exhibitions --- Reliquaries, Byzantine - Germany - Frankfurt am Main - Exhibitions --- Limburg --- Staurothèque

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Liability and Environment analyzes the role of law, in particular civil liability, in controlling environmental pollution and risk. In modern environmental policy, liability has become a popular instrument. In this book, Prof. Bergkamp takes a fresh look at civil liability for environmental harm in an inter- and transnational context. Over the last decade, industry's liability exposure for environmental harm has expanded significantly. At the international, EC, and national level proposals for onerous strict environmental liability regimes are pending. The `polluter pays principle', which is an articulation of the `cost internalization' theory in the environmental area, is believed to justify such liability regimes. Applying an instrumental approach to legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp aims to redefine the role of liability in the heavily regulated environmental area. He shows that liability for environmental harm is not justified by the polluter pays principle, is an uncertain and unreliable instrument for achieving prevention, results in an inefficient insurance scheme, and plays a dubious role in adjusting activity levels. Based on an analysis of the basic characteristics of alternative legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp concludes that civil liability should play a more modest, limited role in an environmental law system dominated by public law. Where deterrence is not the objective, first party insurance, compensation funds, or other public law regimes should be preferred over liability rules. In addition to civil liability of private parties, Liability and Environment discusses State liability under international, EC, and national law. Under international law, breach of a primary obligation triggers a State's liability. Prof. Bergkamp argues that this rule should be applied also to liability of private parties. In the environmental area, a business' primary obligations are spelled out in detailed permit conditions, regulations, and statutes. According to Prof. Bergkamp, only if a primary obligation is breached, a private person should be liable for environmental harm. The system that Bergkamp advocates is an objective fault liability regime, in which public environmental law defines the standard of care for both government and industry. "In rebuilding our civil liability system, we should keep in mind that what is good for industry should be good for everyone (or it is not good for anyone), we should keep in mind that what is good for private parties should be good for the state (or it is not good for either). In rebuilding our civil liability system, the international law of State responsibility, which is unpolluted by risk spreading and activity level considerations, will guide us a long way." This book is aimed at advanced law students, academic scholars, and practitioners. In addition, it will be of interest to policy and legislative analysts, legislators, and government officials. Professor Bergkamp's book cannot be described as "solving" the problems of legal and regulatory control of environmental harm, whether within a nation or internationally. As suggested before, however, the very idea of a "solution" is illusory. All legal and regulatory regimes around the world are today and will remain for the future in a state of perpetually continuing development. The virtue of this fine book is that it moves the process of that development forward by a very substantial measure. from the Foreword by George L. Priest.

Environmental law --- Environmental law, International --- Liability (Law) --- Environnement --- Environnement (Droit international) --- Responsabilité (Droit) --- Droit --- Liability for environmental damages --- Responsabilité (Droit) --- Civil Liability --- Cross --- Environmental pollution --- Environmental damages, Liability for --- Torts --- Accountability --- Legal responsibility --- Responsibility, Legal --- Responsibility (Law) --- Civil law --- Contracts --- Obligations (Law) --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- International environmental law --- International law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Feast of the Cross --- border damage --- Environmental aspects

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In the fourth century the idea arose that the Cross on which Christ was crucified had been found by Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine. Thus began a legend that would grow and flourish throughout the Middle Ages and cause the diffusion of countless splinters of holy wood. And where there is wood, there was once a tree. Could it be that the Cross was made from that most noble species, the Tree of Life? So, gathering characters along the way, the legend evolved into a tale that stretches from the Creation to the End of Time. A Heritage of Holy Wood is the first reconstruction of the iconographic and literary tradition of the Legend of the True Cross. Its broad scope encompasses relic cults, pilgrimages, travellers' tales and the Tree of Life and involves Church Fathers, crusader kings, Teutonic Knights and mendicant orders, all of which influenced the legend's depiction from its earliest representation in manuscripts, reliquaries and altarpieces, to the great monumental cycles of the high Middle Ages. If the holy wood was the medium of medieval memory, A Heritage of Holy Wood reveals the growth rings of fifteen centuries of imagery.

Holy Cross --- Art, Byzantine. --- Art, Medieval. --- Legends --- Art [Byzantine ] --- Art [Medieval ] --- Art byzantin --- Art médiéval --- Byzantijnse kunst --- Byzantine art --- Kunst [Byzantijnse ] --- Kunst [Middeleeuwse ] --- Medieval art --- Middeleeuwse kunst --- Iconography --- Christian church history --- Christian special devotions --- anno 500-1499 --- 091.31:7.04 --- 246 --- Academic collection --- 091.31:7.04 Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- Verluchte handschriften: iconografie --- Christelijke kunst en symbolisme --- Religion Art in Christianity --- Art, Byzantine --- Art, Medieval --- Sainte Croix --- Art médiéval --- Art --- Légendes --- Christian art and symbolism --- Cross --- Feast of the Cross --- Art. --- Holy Cross - Legends - Art.