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Cancer --- -Health risk assessment --- -Kanker --- Epidemiologie --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Environmental health --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Tumors --- Epidemiology --- -Statistical methods --- Statistical methods --- Epidémiologie --- Health risk assessment --- Kanker --- Epidemiology&delete&

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Exposure assessment is one of the four steps of microbiological risk assessment. This volume provides guidelines for the exposure assessment of microbiological hazards in food. It outlines the principles of exposure assessment as well as the data needed and approaches available for carrying out exposure assessment.--Publisher's description.

579.67 --- 614.3 --- Food microbiology --- Sanitary inspection and control. Inspection of foodstuffs and other goods --- 579.67 Food microbiology --- Food --- Health risk assessment --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Environmental health --- Sanitary microbiology --- Microbiology --- Bacteriology

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In its 1994 collective opinion, Radiation Protection Today and Tomorrow, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) concluded that societal participation in the decision-making process is becoming increasingly important. This was seen as particularly true in the case of decisions involving complex radiological situations such as those following a nuclear or radiological accident (for example, the Chernobyl accident, or fallout from atomic bomb testing in the Marshall Islands), and other long-lasting exposures (such as areas contaminated by uranium mill tailings). In order to explore this issue further, the CRPPH organised a workshop in January 1998 on the societal aspects of decision making in complex radiological situations. At the workshop - which was hosted in Villigen, Switzerland, by the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (HSK) - participants concluded that it is no longer possible to take decisions in such situations without a transparent process involving the public from a very early stage. This decision-making process, which is described herein, was also seen as being valuable for other situations, such as the siting of high-level nuclear waste repositories. Recommendations for follow-up by the CRPPH are also included.

Nuclear Energy --- Environmental health --- Health risk assessment --- Radiation --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Environmental Health --- Decision making --- Social aspects --- Safety measures --- Switzerland --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Environmental engineering --- Physics --- Radiology

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Toxicity testing --- Health risk assessment --- Toxicity Tests --- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences. Toxicology --- Toxicology (General) --- Toxicity Tests. --- Tests, Toxicity --- Test, Toxicity --- Toxicity Test --- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical --- Toxicology (General). --- Poisons --- Toxicological testing --- Toxicology --- Toxicology testing --- Toxicology, Experimental --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Environmental health --- Testing

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The media constantly bombard us with news of health hazards lurking in our everyday lives, but many of these hazards turn out to have been greatly overblown. According to author and epidemiologist Geoffrey C. Kabat, this hyping of low-level environmental hazards leads to needless anxiety and confusion on the part of the public concerning which exposures have important effects on health and which are likely to have minimal or no effect. Kabat approaches health scares as "social facts" and shows that a variety of factors can contribute to the inflating of a hazard. These include skewed reporting by the media, but also, surprisingly, the actions of researchers who may emphasize certain findings while ignoring others; regulatory and health agencies eager to show their responsiveness to the health concerns of the public; and politicians and advocates with a stake in a particular outcome. By means of four case studies, Kabat demonstrates how a powerful confluence of interests can lead to overstating or distorting the scientific evidence. He considers the health risks of pollutants such as DDT as a cause of breast cancer, electromagnetic fields from power lines, radon within residences, and secondhand tobacco smoke. Tracing the trajectory of each of these hazards from its initial emergence to the present, Kabat shows how publication of more rigorous studies and critical assessments ultimately help put hazards in perspective.

Environmental health. --- Epidemiology. --- Health risk assessment --- Social aspects --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Environmental health --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Diseases --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects