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L’insuffisance cardiaque gauche, provoquée par une dégénérescence de la valve mitrale, est la maladie cardiaque la plus fréquemment rencontrée chez les chiens de petites tailles et chez les races prédisposées comme le Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. En Belgique, le traitement de l’endocardiose mitrale est uniquement médicamenteux. Ce dernier est palliatif et non curatif, posant la question du traitement chirurgical. Dans certains pays, l’option chirurgicale peut être envisagée mais représente un coût important dû à la complexité de la procédure. Cette dernière ne peut se faire qu’après un arrêt de la circulation sanguine afin d’accéder au cœur et de pouvoir l’ouvrir. La valve mitrale est alors soit réparée via un anneau artificiel et un remplacement des cordages soit remplacée par une valve artificielle. 

La situation actuelle en chirurgie humaine est la même qu’en médecine vétérinaire. Bien que la procédure chirurgicale se fasse couramment, celle-ci comporte des complications et un dispositif de circulation extra-corporelle doit être mis en place. Ces conditions amènent au développement de nouvelles techniques qui ne nécessitent pas d’ouvrir le cœur. 

Plusieurs techniques telles que le Mitral Clip ont déjà été implantées chez l’homme mais les résultats des études quant à son efficacité sur le long terme sont controversés. Cette technique a été récemment testée sur les chiens avec de bons résultats mais uniquement sur le court terme et doit encore fait l’objet d’études sur le long terme.

Sciences du vivant > Anatomie (cytologie, histologie, embryologie...) & physiologie

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This book presents an overview of a new group of progenitor stem cells. Their origins were originally detected in light- and electron microscopical sections of plastic embedded human embryonal and fetal organs. The distribution of these cells can result in a large quantity of ectopic stem cells. The observation of these ectopic stem cells leads us to postulate the existence of a basic wave of stem cell progenitors. This process proceeds earlier and independently from germ cell migration. This first wave of progenitor stem cell migration initially reaches the peri-aortal AMG-region (Aortal-Mesonephric-Gonadal region). From here, some of these progenitor cells enter the aorta, are distributed through the vascular system and become the embryonal stem cells (reserve cells) in many peripheral tissues. A second part delivers progenitor cells for the adrenal 'anlage'. Within the peripheral Zona definitiva of the adrenal cortex the progenitor cells multiplicate and subsequently leave the adrenal cortex through a gate of the capsule. The progenitor cells arrive at the pre-aortal sympathic plexus ('second brain'). Within the plexus ganglia they form new organ-like clusters, the paraganglia. In a second process the progenitor cells (Chromaffine cells) enter sympathetic nerve bundles. Here an 'axonal migration' starts, which guides the progenitor cells to several peripheral organs. During this migration process the stem cells develop into their final state. In the adrenal cortex the ingrowing nerves guide the stem cells to the adrenal medulla. In the pancreas the ingrowing nerve fibers guide the stem cells to the islets. These newly detected stem cells represent a specific developmental step which is found only in humans. .

Histology. Cytology --- Human anatomy --- Neuropathology --- neurologie --- stamcellen --- anatomie --- cytologie --- histologie

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Histology. Cytology --- Invertebrates --- Toxicology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- invertebraten --- farmacologie --- multimedia --- toxicologie --- cytologie --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie

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This book will focus on the molecular basis of oxidative stress induced by toxicants or stresses and various molecular signalling pathways in regulating the toxicity of toxicants or stresses in Caenorhabditis elegans. It will also cover the discussion on the aspects of response signals, G-protein coupled receptors and ion channels, specific molecular signals, and epigenetic signals involved in the regulation of toxicity from toxicants or stresses. The molecular basis for adaptive response for transgenerational toxicity of environmental toxicants or stresses will be further discussed. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a classic model animal with well-described genetic and developmental backgrounds based on the study of life science, and has been further successfully and widely used in both toxicity assessment and toxicological study of various environmental toxicants or stresses. Based on related available data, this book aims at providing a systematic understanding of the knowledge system of molecular toxicology in C. elegans.

Histology. Cytology --- Invertebrates --- Toxicology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- invertebraten --- farmacologie --- multimedia --- toxicologie --- cytologie --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie

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General microbiology --- Histology. Cytology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Eumycetes --- Insects. Springtails --- gisten --- mycologie --- microbiologie --- cytologie --- histologie --- ecologie --- insecten --- moleculaire biologie