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Although HIV infection is most common in adults, children can also be infected by this virus. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) can occur during pregnancy, labour, delivery or during the breastfeeding. There are a lot of risk factors for transmission, like a high viral load during pregnancy and at delivery, a new infection during pregnancy, a short duration of antiretroviral treatment or a preterm birth. Without any antiretroviral treatment, the M TCT rate varies from 12 to 20%, but is reduced to below 2% in case of adapted therapy.This master thesis is a retrospective cohort study about the evolution of prevention of mother­ to-child transmission (PMTCT) at CUSL. We collected the data from the medical records of all HIV-infected women in CUSL who gave birth to one or more children between 1993 and 2013, as well as the data from their children. We also reported the neurological d development and the congenital heart diseases of these children.To realize a stud y along the time, we split the cohort into three groups, corresponding to different period s from 1993 to 2013. There were 159 pairs «mother-child’ We compared the data of these groups with SPSS software.We analyzed the evolution of the management of different risk factors of MTCT in CUSL. We brought out the fact that highly active antiretroviral therapies, the most commonly used since the first pregnancies of the cohort, enable a better management of viral load at delivery, in comparison with mono- and bitherapies. With an earlier diagnosis of maternal HIV status, we can establish a better medical follow-up and begin the antiretroviral therapy at the right time.Providing a prophylaxis to children exposed to HIV is essential. The screening of the pediatric infection and the follow-up of the children exposed to HIV but uninfected is also very important to find possible development disorders. L'infection par le VIH-1, si elle touche majoritairement les adultes, n'épargne cependant pas les enfants. En effet, le virus peut être transmis de la mère à l'enfant lors de la grossesse, du travail, de l'accouchement ou pendant l'allaitement. Cette transmission dépend de différents facteurs dont une charge virale maternelle élevée à la naissance, une séroconversion lors de la grossesse, une courte durée de traitement ou une naissance prématurée. Sans traitement antirétroviral, le taux de transmission de la mère à l'enfant varie entre 12 et 203, alors qu'il diminue à moins de 2% avec l'utilisation des thérapies adaptées.Ce mémoire est une étude rétrospective de l'évolution de la prévention de la transmission de la mère à l'enfant aux Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc (CUSL). La cohorte est composée de 159 paires mère-enfant : les mères sont infectées par le VIH et ont accouché aux CUSL sur une période allant de 1993 à 2013. Le développement neurologique de ces enfants a été rapporté ainsi que les malformations cardiaques. Afin de réaliser une étude dans le temps, nous avons scindé la cohorte en trois groupes cor­ répondant à différentes périodes. Nous avons comparé entre elles les données de ces groupes via le logiciel de statistiques SPSS.Nous avons ainsi pu étudier l'évolution de la prise en charge des différents facteurs de risque de transmission du VIH de la mère à l'enfant aux CUSL. Les thérapies antirétrovirales hautement actives, largement utilisées dès les premières grossesses de la cohorte, permettent un meilleur contrôle de la charge virale à l'accouchement par rapport aux mono- et bithérapies. Un diagnostic précoce de l'infection maternelle permet une meilleure prise en charge médicale et l'initiation du bon traitement au moment opportun.L'administration d'une prophylaxie post-natale aux enfants nés de mère infectée par le VIH est essentielle. Le dépistage de l'infection chez l'enfant et le suivi des enfants exposés au VIH mais non-infectés est également primordial afin de dépister d'éventuels troubles du développement.

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical --- Retrospective Studies

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"Bacteriology Methods for the Study of Infectious Diseases provides knowledge, understanding and experience of contemporary, robust methodologies for studies into the pathogenicity and virulence of human/animal bacterial pathogens. This book presents contemporary, yet widely utilized methodologies, for the study of pathogenicity and virulence in bacterial pathogens of human and/or animal origin. Protocols are clearly outlined, with lists of required equipment and reagents, alongside underpinning theory. This text will provide undergraduate and postgraduate students with practical guidance for dissertation projects with protocols for individual project ideas that can be developed further, hence a starting point for additional literature searches is also provided. Helps users research dissertations and interdisciplinary research projects Presents a valuable resource that enables researchers from diverse backgrounds to undertake research within the field of infectious diseases Summarizes protocols that give a fundamental start to research, but are highly adaptable or can be built upon and integrated into other methodologiesProvides knowledge, understanding and experience of contemporary, robust methodologies for studies into the pathogenicity and virulence of human/animal bacterial pathogens"--EBSCO.

Bacteriology. --- Microorganisms. --- Bacteriological Techniques. --- Infectious Disease Medicine.

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Virology --- Virology. --- Virologie --- Périodiques. --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Microbiology --- Virologie. --- Periodicals.

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Contains abstracts only, 1993-1994; articles, 1995-

Virology --- periodicals. --- Virology. --- Virologie --- Microbiology --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Virologie.

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Microbiology --- Microbiology. --- Microbiologie --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms