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Unimaginable until the twentieth century, the clinical practice of transferring eggs and sperm from body to body is now the basis of a bustling market. In Sex Cells, Rene Almeling provides an inside look at how egg agencies and sperm banks do business. Although both men and women are usually drawn to donation for financial reasons, Almeling finds that clinics encourage sperm donors to think of the payments as remuneration for an easy "job." Women receive more money but are urged to regard egg donation in feminine terms, as the ultimate "gift" from one woman to another. Sex Cells shows how the gendered framing of paid donation, as either a job or a gift, not only influences the structure of the market, but also profoundly affects the individuals whose genetic material is being purchased.

Artificial insemination, Human - Economic aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human -- Economic aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human - Moral and ethical aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human -- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Infertility - Treatment - Economic aspects. --- Infertility -- Treatment -- Economic aspects. --- Surrogate motherhood - Economic aspects. --- Surrogate motherhood -- Economic aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human --- Infertility --- Surrogate motherhood --- Biological Specimen Banks --- Reproductive Techniques --- Reproductive Techniques, Assisted --- Insemination --- Persons --- Social Sciences --- Health Facilities --- Therapeutics --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Named Groups --- Reproduction --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Investigative Techniques --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Health Care --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Sperm Banks --- Insemination, Artificial --- Tissue Donors --- Economics --- Sociology & Social History --- Family & Marriage --- Economic aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Treatment --- Sperm Banks. --- Tissue Donors. --- Economic aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- economics. --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Donors --- Ovum Donors --- Semen Donors --- Transplant Donors --- Organ Donors --- Donor --- Donor, Organ --- Donor, Ovum --- Donor, Semen --- Donor, Tissue --- Donor, Transplant --- Donors, Organ --- Donors, Ovum --- Donors, Semen --- Donors, Tissue --- Donors, Transplant --- Organ Donor --- Ovum Donor --- Semen Donor --- Tissue Donor --- Transplant Donor --- Eutelegenesis --- Artificial Insemination --- Artificial Inseminations --- Eutelegeneses --- Inseminations, Artificial --- Bank, Sperm --- Banks, Sperm --- Sperm Bank --- Physiology, Reproductive and Urinary --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomena --- Reproductive Physiologic Concepts --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive Physiological Process --- Reproductive Physiological Concepts --- Concept, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concept, Reproductive Physiological --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomena, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomenon, Reproductive Physiological --- Physiologic Concept, Reproductive --- Physiologic Concepts, Reproductive --- Physiological Concept, Reproductive --- Physiological Process, Reproductive --- Physiological Processes, Reproductive --- Process, Reproductive Physiological --- Processes, Reproductive Physiological --- Reproductive Physiologic Concept --- Reproductive Physiological Concept --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- 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--- Facility, Health --- Health Facility --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Person --- Inseminations --- Assisted Reproductive Technics --- Assisted Reproductive Techniques --- Reproductive Technology, Assisted --- Assisted Reproductive Technic --- Assisted Reproductive Technique --- Assisted Reproductive Technologies --- Assisted Reproductive Technology --- Reproductive Technic, Assisted --- Reproductive Technics, Assisted --- Reproductive Technique, Assisted --- Reproductive Technologies, Assisted --- Technic, Assisted Reproductive --- Technics, Assisted Reproductive --- Technique, Assisted Reproductive --- Techniques, Assisted Reproductive --- Technologies, Assisted Reproductive --- Technology, Assisted Reproductive --- Reproduction Technics --- Reproduction Techniques --- Reproductive Technologies --- Technology, Reproductive --- Reproductive Technology --- Reproduction Technic --- Reproduction Technique --- Reproductive Technique --- Technic, Reproduction --- Technics, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproductive --- Techniques, Reproduction --- Techniques, Reproductive --- Technologies, Reproductive --- Bank, Biological Specimen --- Bank, Biological Substance --- Banks, Biological Specimen --- Banks, Biological Substance --- Biological Specimen Bank --- Biological Substance Bank --- Specimen Bank, Biological --- Specimen Banks, Biological --- Substance Bank, Biological --- Substance Banks, Biological --- Biological Substance Banks --- Involuntary childlessness --- Sterility --- Sterility in humans --- Donor insemination, Human --- Human artificial insemination --- Human donor insemination --- therapy --- Tissue and Organ Procurement --- Transplantation --- Tissue Transplantation --- Directed Tissue Donation --- Transplant Donor Site --- Semen --- Semen Preservation --- Spermatozoa --- Selective Breeding --- Reproductive Medicine --- Reproductive Health Services --- Human reproductive technology --- Motherhood --- Childlessness --- Generative organs --- Fertility, Human --- Sterilization (Birth control) --- Diseases --- Treatment&delete& --- E-books --- Economics. --- 21st century medicine. --- anthropology and health. --- creating a family. --- economic sociology. --- egg agencies. --- egg donation. --- egg donors. --- ethics and reproductive medicine. --- gender studies. --- genetic donor. --- genetic material. --- health and ethics. --- history of medicine. --- in vitro fertilization. --- infertility. --- medical sociology. --- medicine and business. --- motherhood and fatherhood. --- parenthood. --- reproductive medicine and technology. --- reproductive strategies. --- sociology of marriage and family. --- sperm banks. --- sperm donation. --- sperm donors.

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Human reproductive technology --- Feminist theory --- Humanism --- Parents --- Therapeutics --- Genetic Engineering --- Persons --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Embryonic Structures --- Ethics, Clinical --- Patient Rights --- Diseases --- Prenatal Injuries --- Germ Cells --- Sexual Behavior --- Estrenes --- Health Behavior --- Family Relations --- Investigative Techniques --- Economics --- Genital Diseases, Male --- Genital Diseases, Female --- Sociology --- Tissue Preservation --- Preservation, Biological --- Tissue Transplantation --- Patient Acceptance of Health Care --- Environmental Pollutants --- Maternal Behavior --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Delivery, Obstetric --- Psychology, Social --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Women --- Mental Disorders --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Reproductive Techniques, Assisted --- Social Problems --- Insemination --- Social Sciences --- Obstetric Surgical Procedures --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Family --- Behavior --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Named Groups --- Histocytological Preparation Techniques --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Ethics, Professional --- Pregnancy Complications --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Health Care --- Transplantation --- Anatomy --- Toxic Actions --- Ethics --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Male Urogenital Diseases --- Genitalia --- Genetic Techniques --- Attitude to Health --- Female Urogenital Diseases --- Population Characteristics --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Nuclear Family --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Specimen Handling --- Cells --- Estranes --- Philosophy --- Phenomena and Processes --- Steroids --- Laboratory Techniques and Procedures --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Delivery of Health Care --- Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications --- Urogenital System --- Humanities --- Histological Techniques --- Cytological Techniques --- Polycyclic Compounds --- Diagnosis --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Clinical Laboratory Techniques --- Cryopreservation --- Infertility --- Insemination, Artificial --- Spermatozoa --- Tissue Donors --- Fathers --- Poverty --- Sex Preselection --- Civil Rights --- Homosexuality --- Human Rights --- Social Control, Formal --- Oocyte Donation --- Treatment Refusal --- Ethics, Medical --- Feminism --- Government Regulation --- Prejudice --- Sexuality --- Abortion, Eugenic --- Fees and Charges --- Mifepristone --- Industry --- Reproductive Techniques --- Cesarean Section --- Fetal Tissue Transplantation --- Disabled Persons --- Maternal-Fetal Relations --- Parent-Child Relations --- Reproduction --- Jurisprudence --- Internationality --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects --- Embryo, Mammalian --- Pregnancy --- Surrogate Mothers --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Pregnant Women --- Women's Rights --- Abortion, Induced --- Adoption --- Fetus --- International Cooperation --- Hazardous Substances --- Contraception --- Minority Groups --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Gynecology & Obstetrics --- Group, Minority --- Groups, Minority --- Minority Group --- Minority Health --- Contraceptive Methods --- Female Contraception --- Fertility Control --- Inhibition of Fertilization --- Male Contraception --- Birth Control --- Contraception, Female --- Contraception, Male --- Contraceptions, Female --- Contraceptions, Male --- Contraceptive Method --- Female Contraceptions --- Fertilization Inhibition --- Male Contraceptions --- Family Planning Services --- Population Control --- Biohazards --- Chemicals, Hazardous --- Environmental Substances, Toxic --- Toxic Environmental Substances --- Biohazard --- Hazardous Chemical --- Hazardous Chemicals --- Hazardous Material --- Hazardous Materials --- Hazardous Substance --- Toxic Environmental Substance --- Toxic Substances, Environmental --- Chemical, Hazardous --- Environmental Substance, Toxic --- Environmental Toxic Substances --- Material, Hazardous --- Materials, Hazardous --- Substance, Hazardous --- Substance, Toxic Environmental --- Substances, Environmental Toxic --- Substances, Hazardous --- Substances, Toxic Environmental --- Treaties --- Foreign Aid --- Aid, Foreign --- Cooperation, International --- Treaty --- Fetal Tissue --- Fetuses --- Mummified Fetus --- Retained Fetus --- Fetal Structures --- Fetal Structure --- Fetal Tissues --- Fetus, Mummified --- Fetus, Retained --- Structure, Fetal --- Structures, Fetal --- Tissue, Fetal --- Tissues, Fetal --- Fetal Research --- Adoptions --- Child, Adopted --- Abortion (Induced) --- Abortion Failure --- Abortion History --- Abortion Rate --- Abortion Technics --- Abortion Techniques --- Abortion, Drug-Induced --- Abortion, Rivanol --- Abortion, Saline-Solution --- Abortion, Soap-Solution --- Anti-Abortion Groups --- Fertility Control, Postconception --- Induced Abortion --- Previous Abortion --- Embryotomy --- Abortion Failures --- Abortion Histories --- Abortion Rates --- Abortion Technic --- Abortion Technique --- Abortion, Drug Induced --- Abortion, Previous --- Abortion, Saline Solution --- Abortion, Soap Solution --- Abortions (Induced) --- Abortions, Drug-Induced --- Abortions, Induced --- Abortions, Previous --- Abortions, Rivanol --- Abortions, Saline-Solution --- Abortions, Soap-Solution --- Anti Abortion Groups --- Anti-Abortion Group --- Drug-Induced Abortion --- Drug-Induced Abortions --- Embryotomies --- Failure, Abortion --- Failures, Abortion --- Group, Anti-Abortion --- Groups, Anti-Abortion --- Histories, Abortion --- History, Abortion --- Induced Abortions --- Postconception Fertility Control --- Previous Abortions --- Rate, Abortion --- Rates, Abortion --- Rivanol Abortion --- Rivanol Abortions --- Saline-Solution Abortion --- Saline-Solution Abortions --- Soap-Solution Abortion --- Soap-Solution Abortions --- Technic, Abortion --- Technics, Abortion --- Technique, Abortion --- Techniques, Abortion --- Aborted Fetus --- Pregnant Woman --- Women, Pregnant --- Woman, Pregnant --- Prescription Drug Abuse --- Substance Addiction --- Chemical Dependence --- Drug Abuse --- Drug Addiction --- Drug Dependence --- Drug Habituation --- Drug Use Disorders --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced --- Substance Abuse --- Substance Dependence --- Substance Use --- Substance Use Disorders --- Abuse, Drug --- Abuse, Prescription Drug --- Abuse, Substance --- Addiction, Drug --- Addiction, Substance --- Chemical Dependences --- Dependence, Chemical --- Dependence, Drug --- Dependence, Substance --- Dependences, Chemical --- Disorder, Drug Use --- Disorder, Substance Use --- Drug Abuse, Prescription --- Drug Use Disorder --- Habituation, Drug --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance Induced --- Substance Abuses --- Substance Use Disorder --- Substance Uses --- Use, Substance --- Drug and Narcotic Control --- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders --- Psychoses, Alcoholic --- Illicit Drugs --- Designer Drugs --- Behavior, Addictive --- Codependency, Psychological --- Alcohol-Related Disorders --- Prescription Drug Misuse --- Host Mothers --- Gestational Carriers --- Gestational Mothers --- Mothers, Gestational --- Mothers, Surrogate --- Carrier, Gestational --- Carriers, Gestational --- Gestational Carrier --- Gestational Mother --- Host Mother --- Mother, Gestational --- Mother, Host --- Mother, Surrogate --- Mothers, Host --- Surrogate Mother --- Gestation --- Pregnancies --- Litter Size --- Mammalian Embryo --- Mammalian Embryo Structures --- Mammalian Embryonic Structures --- Embryonic Structures, Mammalian --- Embryo Structure, Mammalian --- Embryo Structures, Mammalian --- Embryonic Structure, Mammalian --- Embryos, Mammalian --- Mammalian Embryo Structure --- Mammalian Embryonic Structure --- Mammalian Embryos --- Structure, Mammalian Embryo --- Structure, Mammalian Embryonic --- Structures, Mammalian Embryo --- Structures, Mammalian Embryonic --- Embryo Research --- Late Effects, Prenatal Exposure --- Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure --- Maternal Exposure --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Pharmaceuticals --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Drug --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Preparation --- Pharmaceutical Product --- Preparation, Pharmaceutical --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Product, Pharmaceutical --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- Globalization --- International Aspects --- International Perspectives --- International Relations --- Multinational Aspects --- Multinational Perspectives --- Aspect, International --- Aspect, Multinational --- Aspects, International --- Aspects, Multinational --- International Aspect --- International Perspective --- Multinational Aspect --- Multinational Perspective --- Perspective, International --- Perspective, Multinational --- Perspectives, International --- Perspectives, Multinational --- Relations, International --- International Law --- Constitutional Law --- Court Decision --- Law --- Legal Aspects --- Legal Obligations --- Legal Status --- State Interest --- Litigation --- Medical Jurisprudence --- Aspect, Legal --- Aspects, Legal --- Constitutional Laws --- Court Decisions --- Decision, Court --- Decisions, Court --- Interest, State --- Interests, State --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Law, Constitutional --- Laws --- Laws, Constitutional --- Legal Aspect --- Legal Obligation --- Litigations --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligations, Legal --- State Interests --- Status, Legal --- Defamation --- Lawyers --- Human Reproductive Index --- Human Reproductive Indexes --- Reproductive Period --- Human Reproductive Indices --- Index, Human Reproductive --- Indexes, Human Reproductive --- Indices, Human Reproductive --- Period, Reproductive --- Periods, Reproductive --- Reproductive Index, Human --- Reproductive Indices, Human --- Reproductive Periods --- Parent Child Relationship --- Parent-Child Relationship --- Parent-Offspring Interaction --- Interaction, Parent-Offspring --- Parent Child Relations --- Parent Child Relationships --- Parent Offspring Interaction --- Parent-Child Relation --- Parent-Child Relationships --- Parent-Offspring Interactions --- Relation, Parent-Child --- Relationship, Parent Child --- Relationship, Parent-Child --- Mother-Fetus Relations --- Mother-Fetus Relationship --- Maternal Fetal Relations --- Mother Fetus Relations --- Mother Fetus Relationship --- Mother-Fetus Relationships --- Relations, Maternal-Fetal --- Relations, Mother-Fetus --- Relationship, Mother-Fetus --- Relationships, Mother-Fetus --- Maternal-Fetal Exchange --- Physically Disabled --- Handicapped --- People with Disabilities --- Persons with Disabilities --- Physically Challenged --- Physically Handicapped --- Disabilities, People with --- Disabilities, Persons with --- Disability, Persons with --- Disabled Person --- Disabled, Physically --- Handicapped, Physically --- People with Disability --- Person, Disabled --- Persons with Disability --- Persons, Disabled --- Rehabilitation Research --- Bedridden Persons --- Immobilization --- Sports for Persons with Disabilities --- Health Services for Persons with Disabilities --- Fetal Tissue Donation --- Grafting, Fetal Tissue --- Transplantation, Fetal Tissue --- Donation, Fetal Tissue --- Donations, Fetal Tissue --- Fetal Tissue Donations --- Fetal Tissue Grafting --- Fetal Tissue Graftings --- Fetal Tissue Transplantations --- Graftings, Fetal Tissue --- Tissue Donation, Fetal --- Tissue Donations, Fetal --- Tissue Grafting, Fetal --- Tissue Graftings, Fetal --- Tissue Transplantation, Fetal --- Tissue Transplantations, Fetal --- Transplantations, Fetal Tissue --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Environmental Pollutants, Noxae, and Pesticides --- Toxic Action --- Action, Toxic --- Actions, Toxic --- Anatomies --- Transplantations --- Transplantation Immunology --- Transplantation Conditioning --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Ghost Surgery --- Operative Procedures --- Operative Surgical Procedure --- Operative Surgical Procedures --- Procedure, Operative Surgical --- Procedures, Operative Surgical --- Surgery, Ghost --- Surgical Procedure, Operative --- Surgical Procedures --- Operative Procedure --- Procedure, Operative --- Procedure, Surgical --- Procedures, Operative --- Procedures, Surgical --- Surgical Procedure --- General Surgery --- Complications, Pregnancy --- Complication, Pregnancy --- Pregnancy Complication --- Obstetrics --- Perinatology --- Pregnancy, High-Risk --- Professional Ethics --- Ethic, Professional --- Professional Ethic --- Professional Misconduct --- C-Section (OB) --- Caesarean Section --- Postcesarean Section --- Abdominal Delivery --- Delivery, Abdominal --- Abdominal Deliveries --- C Section (OB) --- C-Sections (OB) --- Caesarean Sections --- Cesarean Sections --- Deliveries, Abdominal --- Trial of Labor --- Reproduction Technics --- Reproduction Techniques --- Reproductive Technologies --- Technology, Reproductive --- Reproductive Technology --- Reproduction Technic --- Reproduction Technique --- Reproductive Technique --- Technic, Reproduction --- Technics, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproductive --- Techniques, Reproduction --- Techniques, Reproductive --- Technologies, Reproductive --- Selective Breeding --- Reproductive Medicine --- Reproductive Health Services --- Tertiary Sector --- Industries --- Sector, Tertiary --- Sectors, Tertiary --- Tertiary Sectors --- Commerce --- Ethics, Business --- Mifegyne --- Mifeprex --- Mifégyne --- R-38486 --- R38486 --- RU-38486 --- RU-486 --- ZK-98296 --- ZK98296 --- R 38486 --- RU 38486 --- RU 486 --- RU38486 --- RU486 --- ZK 98296 --- Charges and Fees --- Fees --- Charges --- Charge --- Fee --- Fee Schedules --- Abortion, Selective --- Selective Abortion --- Eugenic Abortion --- Abortions, Eugenic --- Abortions, Selective --- Eugenic Abortions --- Selective Abortions --- Cytohistologic Preparation Technics --- Cytohistologic Preparation Technique --- Cytohistologic Preparation Techniques --- Cytohistological Preparation Technic --- Cytohistological Preparation Technics --- Cytohistological Preparation Technique --- Histocytologic Preparation Technic --- Histocytologic Preparation Technics --- Histocytologic Preparation Technique --- Histocytologic Preparation Techniques --- Histocytological Preparation Technic --- Histocytological Preparation Technics --- Histocytological Preparation Technique --- Preparation Technic, Cytohistologic --- Preparation Technic, Cytohistological --- Preparation Technic, Histocytologic --- Preparation Technic, Histocytological --- Preparation Technics, Cytohistologic --- Preparation Technics, Cytohistological --- Preparation Technics, Histocytologic --- Preparation Technics, Histocytological --- Preparation Technique, Cytohistologic --- Preparation Technique, Cytohistological --- Preparation Technique, Histocytologic --- Preparation Technique, Histocytological --- Preparation Techniques, Cytohistologic --- Preparation Techniques, Cytohistological --- Preparation Techniques, Histocytologic --- Preparation Techniques, Histocytological --- Technic, Cytohistologic Preparation --- Technic, Cytohistological Preparation --- Technic, Histocytologic Preparation --- Technic, Histocytological Preparation --- Technics, Cytohistologic Preparation --- Technics, Cytohistological Preparation --- Technics, Histocytologic Preparation --- Technics, Histocytological Preparation --- Technique, Cytohistologic Preparation --- Technique, Cytohistological Preparation --- Technique, Histocytologic Preparation --- Technique, Histocytological Preparation --- Techniques, Cytohistologic Preparation --- Techniques, Cytohistological Preparation --- Techniques, Histocytologic Preparation --- Techniques, Histocytological Preparation --- Cytohistological Preparation Techniques --- Cytohistologic Preparation Technic --- Analytic Sample Preparation Methods --- Anti-Semitism --- Implicit Bias --- Islamophobia --- Anti Semitism --- Anti-Semitisms --- Bia, Implicit --- Bias, Implicit --- Islamophobias --- Prejudices --- Government Regulation and Oversight --- Government Regulations --- Regulation, Government --- Regulations, Government --- Feminist Ethics --- Ethics, Feminist --- Medical Ethics --- Professionalism --- Bioethics --- Anesthesia Refusal --- Patient Elopement --- Patient Refusal of Treatment --- Refusal of Treatment --- Anesthesia Refusals --- Elopement, Patient --- Elopements, Patient --- Patient Elopements --- Refusal, Anesthesia --- Refusal, Treatment --- Refusals, Anesthesia --- Refusals, Treatment --- Treatment Refusals --- Informed Consent --- Patient Compliance --- Mental Competency --- Proxy --- Third-Party Consent --- Refusal to Participate --- Medication Adherence --- Ovum Donation --- Donation, Oocyte --- Donation, Ovum --- Donations, Oocyte --- Donations, Ovum --- Oocyte Donations --- Ovum Donations --- Directed Tissue Donation --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Public Policy --- Collective Human Rights --- Equal Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Linguistic --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Homosexuality, Ego-Dystonic --- Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality --- Homosexuality, Ego Dystonic --- Sexual and Gender Minorities --- Equal Protection --- Legal Rights --- Voting Rights --- Due Process --- Minority Rights --- Civil Right --- Legal Right --- Minority Right --- Protection, Equal --- Right, Civil --- Right, Legal --- Right, Minority --- Right, Voting --- Rights, Civil --- Rights, Legal --- Rights, Minority --- Rights, Voting --- Voting Right --- Race Relations --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Extended Family --- Family Life Cycle --- Family Research --- Filiation --- Kinship Networks --- Relatives --- Family Life Cycles --- Family Members --- Family, Reconstituted --- Stepfamily --- Extended Families --- Families --- Families, Extended --- Families, Reconstituted --- Family Member --- Family, Extended --- Kinship Network --- Life Cycle, Family --- Life Cycles, Family --- Network, Kinship --- Networks, Kinship --- Reconstituted Families --- Reconstituted Family --- Research, Family --- Stepfamilies --- Grandparents --- Obstetric Surgical Procedure --- Obstetrical Surgery --- Obstetrical Surgical Procedures --- Procedure, Obstetric Surgical --- Procedures, Obstetric Surgical --- Surgery, Obstetric --- Surgical Procedure, Obstetric --- Surgical Procedures, Obstetric --- Obstetric Surgeries --- Obstetric Surgery --- Obstetrical Surgeries --- Obstetrical Surgical Procedure --- Procedure, Obstetrical Surgical --- Procedures, Obstetrical Surgical --- Surgeries, Obstetric --- Surgeries, Obstetrical --- Surgery, Obstetrical --- Surgical Procedure, Obstetrical --- Surgical Procedures, Obstetrical --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Inseminations --- Labor Exploitation --- Social Exploitation --- Exploitation, Labor --- Exploitation, Social --- Exploitations, Labor --- Problem, Social --- Problems, Social --- Social Problem --- Assisted Reproductive Technics --- Assisted Reproductive Techniques --- Reproductive Technology, Assisted --- Assisted Reproductive Technic --- Assisted Reproductive Technique --- Assisted Reproductive Technologies --- Assisted Reproductive Technology --- Reproductive Technic, Assisted --- Reproductive Technics, Assisted --- Reproductive Technique, Assisted --- Reproductive Technologies, Assisted --- Technic, Assisted Reproductive --- Technics, Assisted Reproductive --- Technique, Assisted Reproductive --- Techniques, Assisted Reproductive --- Technologies, Assisted Reproductive --- Technology, Assisted Reproductive --- Reproductive Physiologic Concepts --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive Physiological Process --- Reproductive Physiological Concepts --- Concept, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concept, Reproductive Physiological --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomena, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomenon, Reproductive Physiological --- Physiologic Concept, Reproductive --- Physiologic Concepts, Reproductive --- Physiological Concept, Reproductive --- Physiological Process, Reproductive --- Physiological Processes, Reproductive --- Process, Reproductive Physiological --- Processes, Reproductive Physiological --- Reproductive Physiologic Concept --- Reproductive Physiological Concept --- Sex Predetermination --- Sex Selection --- Predetermination, Sex --- Preselection, Sex --- Selection, Sex --- Sex Determination Processes --- Absolute Poverty --- Extreme Poverty --- Indigents --- Low Income Population --- Indigency --- Low-Income Population --- Indigent --- Low Income Populations --- Low-Income Populations --- Population, Low Income --- Population, Low-Income --- Populations, Low Income --- Populations, Low-Income --- Poverty, Absolute --- Poverty, Extreme --- Working Poor --- Father --- Donors --- Ovum Donors --- Semen Donors --- Transplant Donors --- Organ Donors --- Donor --- Donor, Organ --- Donor, Ovum --- Donor, Semen --- Donor, Tissue --- Donor, Transplant --- Donors, Organ --- Donors, Ovum --- Donors, Semen --- Donors, Tissue --- Donors, Transplant --- Organ Donor --- Ovum Donor --- Semen Donor --- Tissue Donor --- Transplant Donor --- Tissue and Organ Procurement --- Transplant Donor Site --- Spermatozoon --- X-Bearing Sperm --- X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm --- Y-Bearing Sperm --- Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm --- Sperm --- Sperm, X-Bearing --- Sperm, X-Chromosome-Bearing --- Sperm, Y-Bearing --- Sperm, Y-Chromosome-Bearing --- Sperms, X-Bearing --- Sperms, X-Chromosome-Bearing --- Sperms, Y-Bearing --- Sperms, Y-Chromosome-Bearing --- X Bearing Sperm --- X Chromosome Bearing Sperm --- X-Bearing Sperms --- X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms --- Y Bearing Sperm --- Y Chromosome Bearing Sperm --- Y-Bearing Sperms --- Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms --- Semen --- Eutelegenesis --- Artificial Insemination --- Artificial Inseminations --- Eutelegeneses --- Inseminations, Artificial --- Reproductive Sterility --- Sterility, Reproductive --- Sub-Fertility --- Subfertility --- Sterility --- Fertility --- Cryonic Suspension --- Cryofixation --- Cryonic Suspensions --- Suspension, Cryonic --- Suspensions, Cryonic --- Cold Temperature --- Freezing --- Vitrification --- Clinical Laboratory Diagnoses --- Clinical Laboratory Testings --- Clinical Laboratory Tests --- Diagnoses and Laboratory Examinations --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Laboratory Diagnosis --- Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses --- Laboratory Techniques, Clinical --- Clinical Laboratory Technique --- Clinical Laboratory Test --- Clinical Laboratory Testing --- Diagnose, Clinical Laboratory --- Laboratory Diagnoses --- Laboratory Technique, Clinical --- Laboratory Test, Clinical --- Laboratory Testing, Clinical --- Technique, Clinical Laboratory --- Test, Clinical Laboratory --- Testing, Clinical Laboratory --- Laboratories --- Medical Laboratory Science --- Clinical Laboratory Services --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Antemortem Diagnosis --- Diagnoses and Examinations --- Examinations and Diagnoses --- Postmortem Diagnosis --- Diagnose --- Antemortem Diagnoses --- Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Antemortem --- Diagnoses, Postmortem --- Diagnosis, Antemortem --- Diagnosis, Postmortem --- Postmortem Diagnoses --- Disease --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Behavior Disorders --- Diagnosis, Psychiatric --- Mental Disorders, Severe --- Psychiatric Diagnosis --- Mental Illness --- Psychiatric Diseases --- Psychiatric Disorders --- Psychiatric Illness --- Illness, Mental --- Mental Disorder --- Mental Disorder, Severe --- Mental Illnesses --- Psychiatric Disease --- Psychiatric Disorder --- Psychiatric Illnesses --- Severe Mental Disorder --- Severe Mental Disorders --- Mentally Ill Persons --- Girls --- Woman --- Women's Groups --- Girl --- Women Groups --- Women's Group --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Social Psychology --- Perceptual Psychology --- Obstetric Delivery --- Deliveries, Obstetric --- Obstetric Deliveries --- Labor Presentation --- Maternal Care Patterns --- Maternal Patterns of Care --- Behavior, Maternal --- Behaviors, Maternal --- Care Pattern, Maternal --- Care Patterns, Maternal --- Maternal Behaviors --- Maternal Care Pattern --- Pattern, Maternal Care --- Patterns, Maternal Care --- Mothers --- Pollutants --- Pollutants, Environmental --- Environmental Pollutant --- Pollutant --- Pollutant, Environmental --- Radiation Exposure --- Environmental Exposure --- Environmental Pollution --- Compounds, Polycyclic --- Hydrocarbons, Cyclic --- Cytologic Technics --- Cytological Technic --- Cytological Technics --- Cytological Technique --- Technic, Cytological --- Technics, Cytological --- Technique, Cytological --- Techniques, Cytological --- Cytologic Technic --- Technic, Cytologic --- Technics, Cytologic --- Cell Biology --- Histologic Technic --- Histologic Technics --- Histologic Technique --- Histologic Techniques --- Histological Technics --- Technic, Histologic --- Technics, Histologic --- Technique, Histologic --- Techniques, Histologic --- Histological Technic --- Histological Technique --- Technic, Histological --- Technics, Histological --- Technique, Histological --- Techniques, Histological --- Histology --- Acceptability of Healthcare --- Acceptors of Health Care --- Health Care Utilization --- Nonacceptors of Health Care --- Patient Acceptance of Healthcare --- Acceptability of Health Care --- Health Care Seeking Behavior --- Care Acceptor, Health --- Care Acceptors, Health --- Care Nonacceptor, Health --- Care Nonacceptors, Health --- Health Care Acceptability --- Health Care Acceptor --- Health Care Acceptors --- Health Care Nonacceptor --- Health Care Nonacceptors --- Healthcare Acceptabilities --- Healthcare Acceptability --- Healthcare Patient Acceptance --- Healthcare Patient Acceptances --- Utilization, Health Care --- Patient Satisfaction --- Grafting, Tissue --- Transplantation, Tissue --- Tissue Grafting --- Tissues --- Biological Preservation --- Preservation, Biologic --- Biologic Preservation --- Preservation, Tissue --- Preservations, Tissue --- Tissue Preservations --- Tissue and Organ Harvesting --- Genitourinary System --- Genitourinary Systems --- System, Genitourinary --- System, Urogenital --- Systems, Genitourinary --- Systems, Urogenital --- Urogenital Systems --- Catatoxic Steroids --- Steroid --- Steroids, Catatoxic --- General Social Development and Population --- Female Genital Diseases --- Gynecologic Diseases --- Diseases, Female Genital --- Diseases, Gynecologic --- Female Genital Disease --- Genital Disease, Female --- Gynecologic Disease --- Gynecology --- Male Genital Diseases --- Disease, Male Genital --- Diseases, Male Genital --- Genital Disease, Male --- Male Genital Disease --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- 19-Norandrostanes --- 19 Norandrostanes --- Cell --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Family Dynamics --- Family Relationships --- Family Relationship --- Dynamic, Family --- Dynamics, Family --- Family Dynamic --- Family Relation --- Relation, Family --- Relations, Family --- Relationship, Family --- Relationships, Family --- Health-Related Behavior --- Behavior, Health --- Behavior, Health-Related --- Behaviors, Health --- Behaviors, Health-Related --- Health Behaviors --- Health Related Behavior --- Health-Related Behaviors --- Healthy Lifestyle --- Health Promotion --- Life Style --- 19-Norandrostenes --- 19 Norandrostenes --- Premarital Sex Behavior --- Sex Behavior --- Sex Orientation --- Sexual Activities --- Anal Sex --- Oral Sex --- Sexual Activity --- Sexual Orientation --- Activities, Sexual --- Activity, Sexual --- Behavior, Premarital Sex --- Behavior, Sex --- Behavior, Sexual --- Orientation, Sexual --- Sex, Anal --- Sex, Oral --- Sex --- Reproductive Behavior --- Germ Line --- Gamete --- Gametes --- Germ-Line Cells --- Cell, Germ --- Cell, Germ-Line --- Cells, Germ --- Cells, Germ-Line --- Germ Cell --- Germ Line Cells --- Germ Lines --- Germ-Line Cell --- Injuries, Prenatal --- Injury, Prenatal --- Prenatal Injury --- Patient's Rights --- Patients' Rights --- Right to Treatment --- Patient Right --- Patient's Right --- Patients Rights --- Patients' Right --- Right to Treatments --- Right, Patient --- Right, Patient's --- Right, Patients' --- Rights, Patient --- Rights, Patient's --- Rights, Patients' --- Treatment, Right to --- Treatments, Right to --- Patient Advocacy --- Truth Disclosure --- Bioethical Issues --- Specimen Collection --- Collection, Specimen --- Collections, Specimen --- Handling, Specimen --- Handlings, Specimen --- Specimen Collections --- Specimen Handlings --- Physiology, Reproductive and Urinary --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomena --- Clinical Ethics --- Clinical Medicine --- Ethicists --- Ethics Committees, Clinical --- Ethics Consultation --- Embryos --- Embryo --- Prenatal Structures --- Embryonic Structure --- Prenatal Structure --- Structure, Embryonic --- Structure, Prenatal --- Structures, Embryonic --- Structures, Prenatal --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Daughters --- Sons --- Daughter --- Families, Nuclear --- Family, Nuclear --- Nuclear Families --- Son --- Person --- Engineering, Genetic --- Intervention, Genetic --- Genetic Intervention --- Genetic Interventions --- Interventions, Genetic --- Biotechnology --- Cloning, Molecular --- DNA, Recombinant --- Industrial Microbiology --- Artificial Gene Fusion --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Parental Age --- Parenthood Status --- Stepparent --- Step-Parents --- Age, Parental --- Ages, Parental --- Parent --- Parental Ages --- Status, Parenthood --- Step Parents --- Step-Parent --- Stepparents --- Parental Consent --- Parental Notification --- Feminist philosophy --- Feminist sociology --- Theory of feminism --- Assisted conception --- Assisted human reproduction --- Assisted human reproductive technology --- Conception --- Human assisted reproduction --- Human assisted reproductive technology --- Human reproduction --- Medical technology --- Reproductive technology --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Female Genitourinary Diseases --- Female Genitourinary Disease --- Female Urogenital Disease --- Genitourinary Disease, Female --- Genitourinary Diseases, Female --- Urogenital Disease, Female --- Urogenital Diseases, Female --- Health Attitude --- Attitude, Health --- Attitudes, Health --- Health Attitudes --- Health, Attitude to --- Public Opinion --- Genetic Technic --- Genetic Technics --- Genetic Technique --- Technic, Genetic --- Technics, Genetic --- Technique, Genetic --- Techniques, Genetic --- Genetics --- Genetic Counseling --- Genetic Phenomena --- Genital System --- Genitals --- Reproductive Organs --- Reproductive System --- Accessory Sex Organs --- Genital Organs --- Sex Organs, Accessory --- Accessory Sex Organ --- Genital --- Genital Organ --- Genital Systems --- Organ, Accessory Sex --- Organ, Genital --- Organ, Reproductive --- Organs, Accessory Sex --- Organs, Genital --- Organs, Reproductive --- Reproductive Organ --- Reproductive Systems --- Sex Organ, Accessory --- System, Genital --- System, Reproductive --- Systems, Genital --- Systems, Reproductive --- Male Genitourinary Diseases --- Genitourinary Disease, Male --- Genitourinary Diseases, Male --- Male Genitourinary Disease --- Male Urogenital Disease --- Urogenital Disease, Male --- Urogenital Diseases, Male --- Woman's Rights --- Women's Status --- Women's Liberation --- Liberation, Women's --- Right, Woman's --- Right, Women's --- Rights, Woman's --- Rights, Women's --- Status, Women's --- Woman Rights --- Woman's Right --- Women Status --- Women's Right --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Social aspects --- Government policy --- transplantation --- complications --- ethics --- diagnosis --- methods --- injuries --- therapy --- Technological innovations --- Reproductive Techniques. --- Abortion, Induced. --- Ethics, Medical. --- Women's Rights.