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DNA is the most important biomolecule ever discovered. Indeed, this molecule bears genetic information from one generation to another. In this regard, DNA bases have a key role in transferring genetic information and data safely. However, there are cellular, genetic, and environmental factors that may damage the different parts of DNA molecules. These damages may result in mutations and cell death. As such, several DNA repair mechanisms have evolved. Over three sections, this book examines many of these mechanisms.
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Model plants are required for research when targeted plant species are difficult to study or when research material is unavailable. Importantly, knowledge gained from model plants can be generally translated to other related plant species because many key cellular and molecular processes are conserved and regulated by 'blueprint' genes inherited from a common ancestor. Model Organisms in Plant Genetics addresses characteristics of model plants such as Arabidopsis, moss, soybean, maize, and cotton, highlighting their advantages and limitations as well as their importance in studies of plant development, plant genome polyploidization, adaptive selection, evolution, and domestication, as well as their importance in crop improvement.
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Transcriptome analysis is the study of the transcriptome, of the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced under specific circumstances, using high-throughput methods. Transcription profiling, which follows total changes in the behavior of a cell, is used throughout diverse areas of biomedical research, including diagnosis of disease, biomarker discovery, risk assessment of new drugs or environmental chemicals, etc. Transcriptome analysis is most commonly used to compare specific pairs of samples, for example, tumor tissue versus its healthy counterpart. In this volume, Dr. Pyo Hong discusses the role of long RNA sequences in transcriptome analysis, Dr. Shinichi describes the next-generation single-cell sequencing technology developed by his team, Dr. Prasanta presents transcriptome analysis applied to rice under various environmental factors, Dr. Xiangyuan addresses the reproductive systems of flowering plants and Dr. Sadovsky compares codon usage in conifers.
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Personalized medicine is playing an important role in cancer prevention. To date, it is clear that many cancers are molecularly distinct subtypes, and different therapeutic approaches would be required for each. This Special Issue brings together original research and review articles on molecular oncology with attention to the early detection and prevention of cancer. It highlights new findings, methods, and technical advances in molecular cancer research. The main feature of this reprint was to provide an open-source sharing of significant works in the field of molecular oncology that can increase our understanding of cancer development. Topics include: Molecular methods to personalize cancer screening and detection; Molecular target therapies to prevent cancer development and metastases; Identification and new aspects of cellular signaling molecules and pathways for target discovery, drug design and personalized and gender medicine; Drug repurposing for cancer prevention; Molecular modeling studies.
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