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This volume of Methods in Enzymology aims to provide a reference for the diverse, powerful tools used to analyze RNA helicases. The contributions in this volume cover the broad scope of methods in the research on these enzymes. Several chapters describe quantitative biophysical and biochemical approaches to study molecular mechanisms and conformational changes of RNA helicases. Further chapters cover structural analysis, examination of co-factor effects on several representative examples, and the analysis of cellular functions of select enzymes. Two chapters outline approaches to the analys

Catalytic RNA. --- RNA Helicases. --- RNA Nucleotidyltransferases --- RNA --- Nucleotidyltransferases --- Nucleic Acids --- Phosphotransferases --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Transferases --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- RNA, Messenger --- RNA Helicases --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Messenger RNA --- Physiological transport. --- Metabolism. --- analysis. --- Catalytic rna. --- Messenger rna --- Rna helicases --- Analysis. --- Ribonucleic acid enzymes --- Ribozymes --- RNA enzymes --- Non-coding RNA --- Nucleases

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This book provides the first and only comprehensive description and detailed summary of the genetics, structure, function, mechanisms of action, evolution and engineering of homing endonucleases and inteins. These two unique protein superfamilies, which are tied together through their frequent fusion and coevolution, have generated considerable excitement for their fundamental, structural, and functional properties, their evolution as parasitic elements, and their widespread applications as gene targeting agents and as instruments for the generation of modified proteins and novel protein combinations.

Endonucleases. --- Protein engineering. --- Engineering, Protein --- Protein design --- Proteins --- Biochemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Nucleases --- Design --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Genetic engineering. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Chemical engineering --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Cell biology.

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Ribonuclease P (RNaseP), a ribonucleoprotein, is an essential tRNA processing enzyme found in all living organisms. Since its discovery almost 40 years ago, research on RNase P has led to the discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA, and of the only known, naturally occurring RNA enzymes, RNase P catalytic RNA. The description of the catalytic properties of RNA has provided fundamental insight into the RNA world and these catalytic properties are being harnessed as therapeutic and prevention strategies for acquired and inherited diseases. Ribonuclease P is the first book to provide a comprehensive collection covering all aspects of current research on RNase P. The topics include kinetic and structural analysis, mechanism of catalysis, and its regulation and biogenesis in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and organelles. Furthermore, research progresses on developing RNase P as a potential drug target for antimicrobial development and as a gene-targeting tool for anti-infective and anticancer therapy are also included. This book should be of general interests to molecular biologists and biochemists in both the academic section and pharmaceutical industry.

Gene silencing. --- Ribonucleases. --- RNA. --- Small interfering RNA -- Therapeutic use. --- RNA --- Ribonucleases --- Ribonucleoproteins --- Endoribonucleases --- RNA, Catalytic --- Nucleic Acids --- Ribonuclease P --- Enzymes --- RNA-Binding Proteins --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Nucleoproteins --- Carrier Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Esterases --- Proteins --- Hydrolases --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Animal Biochemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Proteins. --- Proteids --- RNases --- Life sciences. --- Proteomics. --- Life Sciences. --- Molecular biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Nucleases

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Mitochondria play an increasingly central role in the context of cellular physiology. These organelles possess their own genome (mtDNA), which is functionally coordinated with the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial gene expression is mediated by molecular processes (replication, transcription, translation, and assembly of respiratory chain complexes) that all take place within the mitochondria. Several aspects of mtDNA expression have already been well characterized, but many more either are under debate or have yet to be discovered. Understanding the molecular processes occurring in mitochondria also has clinical relevance. Dysfunctions affecting these important metabolic ‘hubs’ are associated with a whole range of severe disorders, known as mitochondrial diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction; however, to date, mitochondrial diseases are complex genetic disorders without any effective therapy. Current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials are aimed at mitigating clinical manifestations and slowing the disease progression to improve the quality of life of patients. The goal of the Special Issue ‘Mitochondria: from Physiology to Pathology’ published in Life (ISSN: 2075-1729) was to collect research and review articles covering the physiological and pathological aspects related to mtDNA maintenance and gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein import, organelle metabolism, and quality control.

Research & information: general --- atherosclerosis --- carotid intima-media thickness --- mitochondrial mutations --- cardiovascular risk factors --- mitochondria --- mtDNA --- cristae --- mitochondrial fission --- mitochondrial fusion --- mitochondrial diseas --- mitochondrial dynamics --- mitoenergetics --- mitosteroidogenesis --- LH --- cAMP --- Leydig cell --- mitochondrial DNA segregation --- heteroplasmy --- selective elimination --- mitophagy --- mitochondrial engineered nucleases --- kinases --- phosphorylation --- disease --- PINK1 --- Parkinson’s disease --- mitochondria homeostasis --- Cterm --- MELAS --- transmitochondrial cybrids --- aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases --- LARS2 --- mitochondrial disease --- therapeutic peptides --- FAD synthase --- FAD1 --- mitochondria localization --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- mRNA --- mitochondrial localization motif --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease

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Multi-scale Quantum Models for Biocatalysis: Modern Techniques and Applications explores various molecular modelling techniques and their applications in providing an understanding of the detailed mechanisms at play during biocatalysis in enzyme and ribozyme systems. These areas are reviewed by an international team of experts in theoretical, computational chemistry, and biophysics. This book has three sections that group together different aspects of multi-scale quantum simulations. The first section consists of four chapters that describe strategies for multi-scale quantum models and present an overview of the current state-of-the-art molecular modelling methodologies most relevant to handling these complex systems with quantum mechanics and molecular simulation. With five chapters, the second section mainly focuses on the current efforts to improve the accuracy of quantum calculations using simplified empirical model forms. The last section consists of five chapters focused on the applications of important biological systems using multi-scale quantum models. This book presents detailed reviews concerning the development of various techniques, including ab initio molecular dynamics, density functional theory, combined QM/MM methods, solvation models, force field methods, and free-energy estimation techniques, as well as successful applications of multi-scale methods in the biocatalysis systems including several protein enzymes and ribozymes. Multi-scale Quantum Models for Biocatalysis: Modern Techniques and Applications is an excellent source of information for research professionals involved in computational chemistry and physics, material science, nanotechnology, rational drug design and molecular biology. It is also likely to be of interest to graduate and undergraduate students exposed to these research areas.

Enzymes --Biotechnology. --- Molecules --Models. --- Enzymes --- Biocatalysis --- Molecules --- Animal Biochemistry --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biotechnology --- Models --- Enzymology. --- Catalytic RNA. --- Quantum chemistry. --- Mathematical models. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics --- Models, Mathematical --- Chemistry, Quantum --- Ribonucleic acid enzymes --- Ribozymes --- RNA enzymes --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Catalysis. --- Materials science. --- Nanotechnology. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. --- Materials Science, general. --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Non-coding RNA --- Nucleases --- Biochemistry --- Simulation methods --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Quantum theory --- Excited state chemistry --- Materials. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Physical sciences --- Materials --- Material science --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry