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How can the discoveries made in the biological sciences play a role in a discussion on the foundation of ethics? This book responds to this question by examining how evolutionism can explain and justify the existence of ethical normativity and the emergence of particular moral systems. Written by a team of philosophers and scientists, the essays collected in this volume deal with the limits of evolutionary explanations, the justifications of ethics, and methodological issues concerning evolutionary accounts of ethics, among other topics. They offer deep insights into the origin and purpose of human moral capacities and of moral systems.

General ethics --- Bioethics --- Ethics, Evolutionary --- Ethics, Naturalistic --- Evolutionary ethics --- Naturalistic ethics --- Ethics --- Ethical relativism --- Biology --- Biomedical ethics --- Life sciences --- Life sciences ethics --- Science --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Ethics, Evolutionary. --- Bioethics. --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy

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A collection of essays on the history and philosophy of evolutionary biology which put the theory of knowledge and of moral behaviour on a philosophical basis informed by contemporary evolutionary biological theory.

Evolution. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Ethics, Evolutionary. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Ethics, Evolutionary --- Evolution --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Philosophy --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Ethics, Naturalistic --- Evolutionary ethics --- Naturalistic ethics --- Ethics --- Ethical relativism

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To observe a dog's guilty look. to witness a gorilla's self-sacrifice for a wounded mate, to watch an elephant herd's communal effort on behalf of a stranded calf--to catch animals in certain acts is to wonder what moves them. Might there he a code of ethics in the animal kingdom? Must an animal be human to he humane? In this provocative book, a renowned scientist takes on those who have declared ethics uniquely human Making a compelling case for a morality grounded in biology, he shows how ethical behavior is as much a matter of evolution as any other trait, in humans and animals alike. World famous for his brilliant descriptions of Machiavellian power plays among chimpanzees-the nastier side of animal life--Frans de Waal here contends that animals have a nice side as well. Making his case through vivid anecdotes drawn from his work with apes and monkeys and holstered by the intriguing, voluminous data from his and others' ongoing research, de Waal shows us that many of the building blocks of morality are natural: they can he observed in other animals. Through his eyes, we see how not just primates but all kinds of animals, from marine mammals to dogs, respond to social rules, help each other, share food, resolve conflict to mutual satisfaction, even develop a crude sense of justice and fairness. Natural selection may be harsh, but it has produced highly successful species that survive through cooperation and mutual assistance. De Waal identifies this paradox as the key to an evolutionary account of morality, and demonstrates that human morality could never have developed without the foundation of fellow feeling our species shares with other animals. As his work makes clear, a morality grounded in biology leads to an entirely different conception of what it means to he human--and humane.

Ethics, Evolutionary. --- Animal behavior. --- Human behavior. --- Ethics. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Human action --- Human beings --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Psychology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Ethics, Naturalistic --- Evolutionary ethics --- Naturalistic ethics --- Ethics --- Ethical relativism --- Behavior

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Morality is often defined in opposition to the natural 'instincts,' or as a tool to keep those instincts in check. New findings in neuroscience, social psychology, animal behavior, and anthropology have brought us back to the original Darwinian position that moral behavior is continuous with the social behavior of animals, and most likely evolved to enhance the cooperativeness of society. In this view, morality is part of human nature rather than its opposite. This interdisciplinary volume debates the origin and working of human morality within the context of science as well as religion and philosophy. Experts from widely different backgrounds speculate how morality may have evolved, how it develops in the child, and what science can tell us about its working and origin. They also discuss how to deal with the age-old facts-versus-values debate, also known as the naturalistic fallacy. The implications of this exchange are enormous, as they may transform cherished views on if and why we are the only moral species. These articles are also published in Behaviour , Volume 151, Nos. 2/3 (February 2014). Suitable for course adoption!

Ethics, Evolutionary. --- Conscience. --- Behavior evolution. --- Human evolution. --- Primates --- Altruistic behavior in animals. --- Cognitive neuroscience. --- Neuropsychology. --- Helping behavior in animals --- Altruism --- Animal behavior --- Ethics, Naturalistic --- Evolutionary ethics --- Naturalistic ethics --- Ethics --- Ethical relativism --- Neurophysiology --- Psychophysiology --- Cognitive neuropsychology --- Cognitive science --- Neuropsychology --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Behavioral evolution --- Guilt --- Superego --- Behavior. --- Origin

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Autonomy (Philosophy) --- Responsibility. --- Biology --- Animal welfare. --- Ethics, Evolutionary. --- Ethics, Naturalistic --- Evolutionary ethics --- Naturalistic ethics --- Ethics --- Ethical relativism --- Abuse of animals --- Animal cruelty --- Animals --- Animals, Cruelty to --- Animals, Protection of --- Animals, Treatment of --- Cruelty to animals --- Humane treatment of animals --- Kindness to animals --- Mistreatment of animals --- Neglect of animals --- Prevention of cruelty to animals --- Protection of animals --- Treatment of animals --- Welfare, Animal --- Vitalism --- Accountability --- Moral responsibility --- Obligation --- Supererogation --- Philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Abuse of --- Social aspects --- Autonomy (Philosophy).