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Various approaches have been developed to evaluate the consequences of spatial structure on evolution in subdivided populations. This book is both a review and new synthesis of several of these approaches, based on the theory of spatial genetic structure. François Rousset examines Sewall Wright''s methods of analysis based on F-statistics, effective size, and diffusion approximation; coalescent arguments; William Hamilton''s inclusive fitness theory; and approaches rooted in game theory and adaptive dynamics. Setting these in a framework that reveals their common features, he demonstrates how

Population genetics --- Population biology --- Génétique des populations --- Biologie des populations --- Population Dynamics. --- Genetics, Population. --- Population biology. --- Population genetics. --- Biology --- Ecology --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Population Genetics --- Population Dynamics --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population

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Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population and ecosystem ecology arises from how individuals interact with each other and their environment. This book provides the first in-depth treatment of individual-based modeling and its use to develop theoretical understanding of how ecological systems work, an approach the authors call "individual-based ecology.? Grimm and Railsback start with a general primer on modeling: how to design models that are as simple as possible while still allowing specific problems to be solved, and how to move efficiently through a cycle of pattern-oriented model design, implementation, and analysis. Next, they address the problems of theory and conceptual framework for individual-based ecology: What is "theory"? That is, how do we develop reusable models of how system dynamics arise from characteristics of individuals? What conceptual framework do we use when the classical differential equation framework no longer applies? An extensive review illustrates the ecological problems that have been addressed with individual-based models. The authors then identify how the mechanics of building and using individual-based models differ from those of traditional science, and provide guidance on formulating, programming, and analyzing models. This book will be helpful to ecologists interested in modeling, and to other scientists interested in agent-based modeling.

Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Human ecology. Social biology --- Population Dynamics --- Models, Theoretical --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Biotic communities --- Biologie des populations --- Mathematical models --- Modèles mathématiques --- Mathematical models. --- Modèles mathématiques --- Ecology. --- Models, Theoretical. --- Population Dynamics. --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Experimental Model --- Experimental Models --- Mathematical Model --- Model, Experimental --- Models (Theoretical) --- Models, Experimental --- Models, Theoretic --- Theoretical Study --- Mathematical Models --- Model (Theoretical) --- Model, Mathematical --- Model, Theoretical --- Models, Mathematical --- Studies, Theoretical --- Study, Theoretical --- Theoretical Model --- Theoretical Models --- Theoretical Studies --- Computer Simulation --- Systems Theory --- Environmental Science --- Bionomics --- Ecologies --- Environmental Sciences --- Science, Environmental --- Sciences, Environmental --- Environmental Psychology --- Conservation of Natural Resources --- Environmental Health --- Ecosystem --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology - Mathematical models --- Biotic communities - Mathematical models

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Belgique --- België --- Bevolking --- Famille --- Gezin --- Nederland --- Pays-Bas --- Population --- Sociologie --- Family Planning Services. --- Population Dynamics. --- 314 --- 316.356.2 --- $?$89/7 --- #C9303 --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Genetics, Population --- Family Planning Programs --- Planned Pregnancy --- Pregnancy, Planned --- Family Planning --- Family Planning Program --- Family Planning Service --- Planned Pregnancies --- Planning Service, Family --- Planning Services, Family --- Pregnancies, Planned --- Program, Family Planning --- Programs, Family Planning --- Service, Family Planning --- Services, Family Planning --- Contraception --- Population Control --- Demografie. Bevolkingsleer --- Netherlands. --- Aruba --- Curacao --- Holland --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Sint Maarten --- Family --- Birth control --- Abortion --- Benelux countries --- Life History Traits --- Population. --- 314 Demografie. Bevolkingsleer --- Family Planning Services --- Population Dynamics

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Economics --- Evolutionary economics --- Biological Evolution. --- Economics. --- Population Dynamics --- Social Behavior --- Evolutionary economics. --- Population Dynamics. --- Social Behavior. --- Behavior, Social --- Behaviors, Social --- Social Behaviors --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Evolution, Biological --- Sociobiology --- Economic History --- Sociality

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John Tyler Bonner makes a new attack on an old problem: the question of how progressive increase in the size and complexity of animals and plants has occurred. "How is it," he inquires, "that an egg turns into an elaborate adult? How is it that a bacterium, given many millions of years, could have evolved into an elephant?" The author argues that we can understand this progression in terms of natural selection, but that in order to do so we must consider the role of development--or more precisely the role of life cycles--in evolutionary change. In a lively writing style that will be familiar to readers of his work The Evolution of Culture in Animals (Princeton, 1980), Bonner addresses a general audience interested in biology, as well as specialists in all areas of evolutionary biology. What is novel in the approach used here is the comparison of complexity inside the organism (especially cell differentiation) with the complexity outside (that is, within an ecological community). Matters of size at both these levels are closely related to complexity. The book shows how an understanding of the grand course of evolution can come from combining our knowledge of genetics, development, ecology, and even behavior.

Biological Evolution. --- Models, Genetic. --- Population Dynamics. --- 575.8 --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Genetics, Population --- Genetic Models --- Genetic Model --- Model, Genetic --- Evolution, Biological --- Sociobiology --- Evolution. Origin of species. Phylogeny --- Evolution (Biology) --- Natural selection. --- Evolution --- Models --- Population dynamics --- genetic --- Life History Traits --- Evolution (Biology). --- Evolution. --- Population dynamics. --- genetic. --- 575.8 Evolution. Origin of species. Phylogeny --- Natural selection --- Biological Evolution --- Models, Genetic --- Population Dynamics --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Heredity --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Phylogeny --- Genetic. --- razvojna biologija --- evolucija --- anatomija --- gostota naseljenosti --- razporeditev naseljenosti --- etologija. --- darwinizem --- fosili --- kompleksnost --- velikost telesa --- združbe --- populacije. --- Darwinian evolution. --- Dictyostelium. --- Hutchinson ratio. --- Kirschner, M. --- Lamarckism. --- aclonal organisms. --- acrasids. --- allostery. --- apical meristem. --- behavior. --- cambium. --- cell competition. --- conquest of land. --- convergent evolution. --- developmental constraints. --- dictyostelids. --- dominance hierarchy. --- earthworms. --- ecology. --- elastic similarity. --- endoskeleton. --- energid. --- food chains. --- gene net. --- genetic drift. --- habituation, in Stentor. --- heterochrony. --- heterocysts. --- inductors, in development. --- integrating mechanisms. --- isolating mechanisms. --- jellyfish. --- kelp. --- lichens. --- liverworts. --- macronucleus. --- mammals. --- metamorphosis. --- mosaic development. --- natural selection. --- nematocytes. --- neurotransmitter. --- notochord. --- pattern formation. --- pioneering. --- population biology. --- punctuated equilibria. --- regulative development. --- scavengers. --- siphonophores. --- species formation.