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This book sheds new light on the nature of gerunds in English, utilizing data from very large electronic corpora in order to compare pairs of patterns viewed as constructions. It serves as a contribution to the study of complementation, an under-researched area of investigation which bridges observations at the intersection of lexico-grammar, syntax and semantics. As a result, the reader develops their understanding of the meaning and use of each pattern within the system of English predicate complementation as it has evolved in recent times. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of English linguistics, especially English grammar. Mark Kaunisto is a Senior Lecturer at Tampere University, Finland. His work includes corpus-based studies on morphological rivalry, word-formation, neologisms, and usage guidebooks. Juhani Rudanko is Professor Emeritus at Tampere University, Finland. His latest work focuses on the evolution of predicate complementation in recent English and the application of linguistic pragmatics to the analysis of political debates in the early American Republic.

English language --- Syntax. --- Infinitive. --- Gerund. --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Corpora (Linguistics). --- Linguistic change. --- Linguistics—Methodology. --- Grammar. --- Corpus Linguistics. --- Language Change. --- Research Methods in Language and Linguistics. --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Corpus-based analysis (Linguistics) --- Corpus linguistics --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Syntax

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This volume fills a gap in the literature between the domains of Communication Studies and Educational Sciences across physical-virtual spaces as they intersect in the 21st century. The chapters focus on “languaging” - communicative practices in the making - and its intersection with analogue and virtual learning spaces, bringing together studies that highlight the constant movement between analogue-virtual dimensions that continuously re-shape participants' identity positionings. Languaging is understood as the deployment of one or more than one language variety, modality, embodiment, etc in human meaning-making across spaces. Languaging activities are explored through a multitude of literary artefacts, genres, media, and modes produced in and across sites. The authors go beyond “best practice” approaches and instead present “how-to-explore” communicative practices for researchers, learners and teachers. This book will be of interest to readers situated in the areas of literacy, literature, bi/multilingualism, multimodality, linguistic anthropology, applied linguistics, and related fields. Chapters 2, 5, 8 and 12 are open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com. Sangeeta Bagga-Gupta is Full Professor of Education with a Multidisciplinary Focus at Jönköping University, Sweden. She is the Director of the research environment LPS, Learning Practices inside and outside Schools and leads the ongoing Swedish Research Council project PAL, Participation for all? Giulia Messina Dahlberg is Senior Lecturer in Education at the Department of Education and Special Education, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. She is the co-leader of the network-based research environment CCD, Communication, Culture and Diversity. Ylva Lindberg is Associate Professor in Comparative Literature at Jönköping University, Sweden. She is Dean of Research at the School of Education and Communication and the senior-leader of the network-based research environment CCD, Communication, Culture and Diversity.

Language and languages --- Study and teaching. --- Foreign language study --- Language and education --- Language schools --- Educational technology. --- Language and languages—Study and teaching. --- Multilingualism. --- Linguistics—Methodology. --- Technology and Digital Education. --- Language Education. --- Language Teaching. --- Research Methods in Language and Linguistics. --- Instructional technology --- Technology in education --- Technology --- Educational innovations --- Instructional systems --- Teaching --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Aids and devices

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This book provides a refreshing perspective on the description, study and representation of consonant clusters in Polish. What are the sources of phonotactic complexity? What properties or principles motivate the phonological structure of initial and final consonant clusters? In answering these questions, a necessary turning point consists in investigating sequences of consonants at their most basic level, namely in terms of phonological features. The analysis is exploratory: it leads to discovering prevalent feature patterns in clusters from which new phonotactic generalizations are derived. A recurring theme in the book is that phonological features vary in weight depending on (1) their distribution in a cluster, (2) their position in a word, and (3) language domain. Positional feature weight reflects the relative importance of place, manner and voice features (e.g. coronal, dorsal, strident, continuant) in constructing cluster inventories, minimizing cognitive effort, facilitating production and triggering specific casual speech processes. Feature weights give rise to previously unidentified positional preferences. Rankings of features and preferences are a testing ground for principles of sonority, contrast, clarity of perception and ease of articulation. This volume addresses practitioners in the field seeking new methods of phonotactic modelling and approaches to complexity, as well as students interested in an overview of current research directions in the study of consonant clusters. Sequences of consonants in Polish are certainly among the most remarkable ones that readers will ever encounter in their linguistic explorations. In this volume, they will come to realise that hundreds of unusually long, odd-looking, sonority-violating, morphologically complex and infrequent clusters are in fact well-motivated and structured according to well-defined tactic patterns of features.

Phonology. --- Linguistics—Methodology. --- Computational linguistics. --- Phonology and Phonetics. --- Research Methods in Language and Linguistics. --- Computational Linguistics. --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- Data processing --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology --- Phonology

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This book sheds new light on corpus-assisted translation pedagogy, an intersection of three distinct but cognate disciplines: corpus linguistics, translation and pedagogy. By taking an innovative and empirical approach to translation teaching, the study utilizes mixed methods, including translation experiments, surveys and in-depth focus groups. The results demonstrated the unique advantages and at the same time called attention to possible pitfalls of using corpora for translation teaching purposes. This book enriches our understanding of corpus application in the setting of translation between Chinese and English, two languages which are each distinctly different from one another. Readers will also discover new horizons in this burgeoning and interdisciplinary field of research. This book appeals to a broad readership, from scholars and researchers who are interested in translation technology to widen the scope of translation studies, translation trainers in search of effective teaching approaches to a growing number of cross-disciplinary postgraduate students longing to improve their translation skills and competence.

Applied linguistics. --- Linguistics—Methodology. --- Computational linguistics. --- Applied Linguistics. --- Research Methods in Language and Linguistics. --- Computational Linguistics. --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- Data processing --- Translating and interpreting --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Translators --- Study and teaching. --- Translating

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This book, adopting the perspective of cross-cultural communication, theoretically justifies and addresses human variational translation practice for the first time in the area of translation studies, focusing on the adaptation techniques and variational translation methods, as well as general features and laws of the variational translation process. It classifies and summarizes seven main adaptation techniques and eleven translation methods applicable to all variational translation activities. These techniques and methods, quite different from those used in complete translation or full translation, are systematically studied together with examples, allowing readers to not only understand their interrelations and differences within the context of variational translation methods, but also to master them in order to improve their translation efficacy and efficiency. Readers will gain a better understanding of how variational translation is produced, and of its important role in advancing cross-cultural communication and in reconstructing human knowledge and culture. This book is intended for translation scholars, translation practitioners, students, and others whose work involves the theory and practice of translation and who want to enhance their translation proficiency in cross-cultural communication for the Information Age.

Applied linguistics. --- Linguistics—Methodology. --- Linguistics. --- Applied Linguistics. --- Research Methods in Language and Linguistics. --- Linguistics, general. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Translating and interpreting. --- Language Translation. --- Theoretical Linguistics / Grammar. --- Methodology. --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Translators --- Translating