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Neste livro os autores, pelo saber e pela experiência, buscam clarear os médicos para que atentem aos conhecimentos biopsiquicos da noite e do dormir. A cronobiologia é uma ciência que abrange todos os seres vivos e estuda os fenômenos biológicos em função do tempo, especialmente aqueles que apresentam caráter cíclico. “Entender que o organismo humano modifica-se à noite e que certas doenças expressam-se mais ou preferentemente nesse período é um ganho do médico no trato com seus pacientes”. A idéia de unir, em um só volume, a fisiologia e a fisiopatologia das doenças noturnas é oportuna, necessária e pedagógica.

SCIENCE

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This book provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art sensors technology in specific leading areas. Industrial researchers, engineers and professionals can find information on the most advanced technologies and developments, together with data processing. Further research covers specific devices and technologies that capture and distribute data to be processed by applying dedicated techniques or procedures, which is where sensors play the most important role. The book provides insights and solutions for different problems covering a broad spectrum of possibilities, thanks to a set of applications and solutions based on sensory technologies. Topics include: • Signal analysis for spectral power • 3D precise measurements • Electromagnetic propagation • Drugs detection • e-health environments based on social sensor networks • Robots in wireless environments, navigation, teleoperation, object grasping, demining • Wireless sensor networks • Industrial IoT • Insights in smart cities • Voice recognition • FPGA interfaces • Flight mill device for measurements on insects • Optical systems: UV, LEDs, lasers, fiber optics • Machine vision • Power dissipation • Liquid level in fuel tanks • Parabolic solar tracker • Force sensors • Control for a twin rotor

Computer science. --- Informatics --- Science

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The 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation carried on the success from last year and received overwhelming support from the research community as evidenced by the number of high quality submissions. The conference accepted articles through rigorous peer review process. We are grateful to the contributions of all the authors. For those who have papers appear in this collection, we thank you for your great effort that makes this conference a success and the volume of this proceeding worth reading. For those whose papers were not accepted, we assure you that your support is very much appreciated. The papers in this proceeding represent a broad spectrum of research topics and reveal some cutting-edge developments. Chapter 1 and 2 contain articles in the areas of computer science and information technology. The articles in Chapter 1 focus on algorithm and system development in big data, data mining, machine learning, cloud computing, security, robotics, Internet of Things, and computer science education. The articles in Chapter 2 cover image processing, speech recognition, sound event recognition, music classification, collaborative learning, e-government, as well as a variety of emerging new areas of applications. Some of these papers are especially eye-opening and worth reading. Chapter 3 and 4 contain papers in the areas of sensors, instrument and measurement. The articles in Chapter 3 cover mostly navigation systems, unmanned air vehicles, satellites, geographic information systems, and all kinds of sensors that are related to location, position, and other geographic information. The articles in Chapter 4 are about sensors and instruments that are used in areas like temperature and humidity monitoring, medical instruments, biometric sensors, and other sensors for security applications. Some of these papers are concerned about highly critical systems such as nuclear environmental monitoring and object tracking for satellite videos. Chapter 5 and 6 contain papers in the areas of mechatronics and electrical engineering. The articles in Chapter 5 cover mostly mechanical design for a variety of equipment, such as space release devices, box girder, shovel loading machines, suspension cables, grinding and polishing machines, gantry milling machines, clip type passive manipulator, hot runner systems, water hydraulic pump/motor, and turbofan engines. The articles in Chapter 6 focus on mechanical and automation devices in power systems as well as automobiles and motorcycles. This collection of research papers showcases the incredible accomplishments of the authors. In the meantime, they once again prove that the International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation is a highly valuable platform for the research community to share ideas and knowledge. Organization of an international conference is a huge endeavor that demands teamwork. We very much appreciate everyone who is involved in the organization, especially the reviewers. We are looking forward to another successful conference next year.

Computer science --- Computer science.

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Although there is considerable historical literature describing the social and economic impact of drought on the prairies in the 1930s, little has been written about the challenges presented by drought in more contemporary times. The drought of 2001-02 was, for example, the most recent large-area, intense, and prolonged drought in Canada and one of Canada's most costly natural disasters in a century. Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought describes the impacts of droughts and the adaptations made in prairie agriculture over recent decades. These adaptations have enhanced the capacity of rural communities to withstand drought. However, despite the high levels of technical adaptation that have occurred, and the existing human capital and vibrant social and information networks, agricultural producers in the prairie region remain vulnerable to severe droughts that last more than a couple of years. Research findings and projections suggest that droughts could become more frequent, more severe, and of longer duration in the region over the course of the 21st century. This book provides insights into the conditions generating these challenges and the measures required to reduce vulnerability of prairie communities to them. Developing greater understanding of the social forces and conditions that have contributed to enhanced resilience, as well as those which detract from successful adaptation, is a principal theme of the book. To that end, the book examines drought through an interdisciplinary lens encompassing climate science and the social sciences. Two of the chapters are based on the drought experiences of other countries in order to provide a comparative assessment.

Environmental Science --- Social Science

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The scientific evidence contained in the three volumes of the 6th IPCC report (AR6), published between August 2021 and April 2022, are another reminder of the urgent need to respect the 2015 Paris Agreement. 195 countries agreed to the goal of limiting long-term global temperature increase to “well below 2°C” compared to pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C by massively reducing their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHGs).Water and climate questions are usually addressed from the perspective of adaptation to climate change. For urban water services the mitigation aspect has been less studied up till now. These considerations fit into the broader context of the interdependence of energy and water (Water-Energy Nexus). This report approaches the question from the angle of energy use in the water sector rather than the better-known water requirements for the energy sector. Reducing GHG emissions in urban water management requires reducing both fossil energy requirements and direct emissions of nitrous oxide and methane. Finally, it must be said that the need to reduce the GHG emissions of water and sanitation services goes with the growing demand for water. It should increase by 50% between now and 2030 worldwide due to the combined effects of population growth, economic development, and the shift in consumer patterns.This synthetic report aims to provide an overview of possible levers to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of water and sanitation services and provides an analysis of how adaptation measures can embrace this low-carbon approach.

Environmental science, engineering & technology --- SCIENCE / Environmental Science