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This volume represents the first attempt to review the archaeology of changes that occurred in the rural world during the transition between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era.The sixteenth century in Europe was a time of profound change, the threshold between the ‘medieval’ and the ‘modern’, as new technologies were introduced, distant lands explored, oceanic trade routes opened, and innovative ideas pursued in fields as varied as politics, science, philosophy, law, and religion. But sweeping transformations also occurred in the rural world, profoundly altering the countryside in both appearance and practices. Crucially for historians, there is abundant documentary evidence for these changes but, while they are less well-documented, their impact can also be traced archaeologically.This cutting-edge volume is the first to explore the archaeology of the rural world across the ‘long’ sixteenth century and to investigate the changing innovations that were seen in landscape, technology, agriculture, and husbandry during this period. Drawing together contributions from across Europe, and from a range of archaeological disciplines, including zooarchaeology, archaeobotany, landscape archaeology, material culture studies, and technology, this collection of essays sheds new light on a key period of innovation that was a significant precursor to modern economies and societies.

Europe --- Social conditions --- Social life and customs --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Rural conditions --- History of Europe --- anno 1500-1599

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Exploring a range of poverty experiences-socioeconomic, moral and spiritual-this collection presents new research by a distinguished group of scholars working in the medieval and early modern periods. Using new sources-and adopting new approaches to known sources-the authors share insights into the management and the self-management of the poor, and search out aspects of the experience of poverty worthy of note, from which can be traced lasting influences on the continuing understanding and experience of poverty in pre-modern Europe.

History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- History of France --- anno 1200-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Poverty --- Poor --- Pauvreté --- Pauvres --- History. --- History --- Histoire --- England --- France --- Angleterre --- Social conditions. --- Conditions sociales --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- England -- Social conditions. --- Poor -- England -- History. --- Poverty -- England -- History. --- Poverty -- France -- History. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Pauvreté

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Agriculture --- Franks --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Francs --- Civilisation médiévale --- Economic aspects --- History --- Aspect économique --- Histoire --- Europe --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- AGRICULTURE --- CIVILISATION MEDIEVALE --- SOCIOLOGIE RURALE --- ASPECT ECONOMIQUE --- EUROPE --- MOYEN AGE

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The last decades have witnessed the adoption and refinement of various scientific techniques that allow us to reconstruct past diets, but also to understand the role of food in social interaction. These are exciting developments, but the proliferation of analytical techniques may also lead to over-specialization and fragmentation of the field. The papers in this volume explore the relation between diet, economy and society in the ancient Greek world by integrating different analytical techniques. Examples include the analysis of plant and animal remains, the bioarchaeological study of human remains, stable isotope and dental microwear analysis as well as the examination of organic residues. However, the aim of this volume is not only to compare different methods of analysis, but also to integrate method and theory and to reflect more widely on the integration of science and archaeology.

Food --- Diet --- Cooking, Greek --- Archaeology --- Aliments --- Alimentation --- Cuisine grecque --- Archéologie --- History --- Histoire --- Greece --- Grèce --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Commerce --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- Diète --- Nutrition --- Cooking --- Diet. --- Civilization. --- Cooking. --- Manners and customs. --- Nutrition. --- Archäobotanik. --- Ernährung. --- Essgewohnheit. --- Food Habits --- Social Conditions --- Greek World --- History. --- history --- To 146 B.C. --- Greece. --- Griechenland. --- Civilization --- Social life and customs. --- Food Habits. --- history. --- Archéologie --- Grèce --- Conditions économiques --- Histoire.

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Landscapes --- Sociology, Rural --- Land use --- Landscape assessment --- History --- Friesland (Netherlands) --- Frisia (Netherlands) --- Westerlauwers Friesland (Netherlands) --- Middle Frisia (Netherlands) --- Frise (Netherlands) --- Frieslandt (Netherlands) --- Fryslân (Netherlands) --- Rural conditions. --- Social conditions. --- History. --- Rural conditions --- Social conditions --- Land --- Land utilization --- Use of land --- Utilization of land --- Economics --- Land cover --- NIMBY syndrome --- Countryside --- Landscape --- Natural scenery --- Scenery --- Scenic landscapes --- Nature --- Assessment, Landscape --- Environmental perception --- Landscape evaluation --- Landscape perception --- Perception, Landscape --- Human ecology --- Landscape protection --- Rural sociology --- Sociology --- Paysage --- Philosophie --- Anthropologie --- Et la photographie