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Human tissues often support large, complex microbial communities growing as biofilms that can cause a variety of infections. As a result of an increased use of implanted medical devices, the incidence of these biofilm-associated diseases is increasing: the non-shedding surfaces of these devices provide ideal substrata for colonisation by biofilm-forming microbes. The consequences of this mode of growth are far-reaching. As microbes in biofilms exhibit increased tolerance towards antimicrobial agents and decreased susceptibility to host defence systems, biofilm-associated diseases are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Not surprisingly, therefore, interest in biofilms has increased dramatically. The application of microscopic and molecular techniques has revolutionised our understanding of biofilm structure, composition, organisation, and activities, resulting in important advances in the prevention and treatment of biofilm-related diseases. The purpose of this book, which was first published in 2003, is to bring these advances to the attention of clinicians and medical researchers.

Biofilms. --- Food -- Microbiology. --- Food -- Safety measures. --- Food Industry. --- Medical microbiology. --- Biofilms --- Medical microbiology --- Prosthesis-Related Infections --- Infection --- Postoperative Complications --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Pathologic Processes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Diseases --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Pathological Processes --- Processes, Pathologic --- Processes, Pathological --- Microbial Concepts --- Microbial Phenomena --- Microbiologic Concepts --- Microbiological Phenomenon --- Microbiological Process --- Phenomena, Microbiologic --- Microbiologic Phenomena --- Microbiological Processes --- Concept, Microbial --- Concept, Microbiologic --- Concepts, Microbial --- Concepts, Microbiologic --- Microbial Concept --- Microbiologic Concept --- Phenomena, Microbial --- Phenomena, Microbiological --- Phenomenon, Microbiological --- Process, Microbiological --- Processes, Microbiological --- Dysbiosis --- Complication, Postoperative --- Complications, Postoperative --- Postoperative Complication --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Infection and Infestation --- Infections and Infestations --- Infestation and Infection --- Infestations and Infections --- Biofilm --- Dental Deposits --- Adhesins, Bacterial --- Biofouling --- Infections, Prosthesis-Related --- Prosthesis Related Infection --- Prosthesis-Related Infection --- Infection, Prosthesis Related --- Prosthesis Related Infections --- Related Infection, Prosthesis --- Related Infections, Prosthesis --- Microbial aggregation --- Microbial ecology

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Before 1980, rates were generally well below 10%. They have since doubled or tripled in many countries, and in almost half of the OECD, 50% or more of the population is overweight.  A key risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, obesity is a major public health concern.    This book contributes to evidence-based policy making by exploring multiple dimensions of the obesity problem. It examines the scale and characteristics of the epidemic, the respective roles and influence of market forces and governments, and the impact of interventions. It outlines an economic approach to the prevention of chronic diseases that provides novel insights relative to a more traditional public health approach.  The analysis was undertaken by the OECD, partly in collaboration with the World Health Organization. The main chapters are complemented by special contributions from health and obesity experts, including Marc Suhrcke, Tim Lobstein, Donald Kenkel and Francesco Branca.  “a valuable set of results and suggestions about the best preventive interventions to reduce the burden of obesity.”   – Julio Frenk, Dean, Harvard School of Public Health   “The positive message of this book is that the obesity epidemic can be successfully addressed.”   – Ala Alwan, Assistant Director-General, World Health Organization   “innovative and well-researched”  – Martin McKee, Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine "A timely, valuable volume on a critical issue.  Highly recommended."-Choice, July 2011        

Obesity -- Economic aspects. --- Obesity -- Prevention. --- Obesity --- Overnutrition --- Overweight --- Body Weight --- Nutrition Disorders --- Body Size --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Signs and Symptoms --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Body Weights and Measures --- Diseases --- Body Constitution --- Physical Examination --- Physiological Phenomena --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Phenomena and Processes --- Diagnosis --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Diagnostic Technics and Procedures --- Technics and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Techniques and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Physiological Concepts --- Physiological Phenomenon --- Physiological Process --- Physiological Processes --- Concept, Physiological --- Concepts, Physiological --- Phenomena, Physiological --- Phenomenas, Physiological --- Phenomenon, Physiological --- Physiological Concept --- Process, Physiological --- Processes, Physiological --- Antemortem Diagnosis --- Diagnoses and Examinations --- Examinations and Diagnoses --- Postmortem Diagnosis --- Antemortem Diagnoses --- Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Antemortem --- Diagnoses, Postmortem --- Diagnosis, Antemortem --- Diagnosis, Postmortem --- Postmortem Diagnoses --- Disease --- Examination, Physical --- Physical Examinations and Diagnoses --- Examinations, Physical --- Physical Examinations --- Body Constitutions --- Constitution, Body --- Constitutions, Body --- Body Measures --- Body Measure --- Measure, Body --- Measures, Body --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Symptoms and Signs --- Body Sizes --- Size, Body --- Sizes, Body --- Nutritional Disorders --- Nutrition Disorder --- Nutritional Disorder --- Body Weights --- Weight, Body --- Weights, Body --- Hypernutrition --- methods --- diagnosis --- Sensitivity and Specificity --- Surgical Clearance --- Independent Medical Evaluation --- Anthropometry --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Hyperphagia --- Obesity Management --- Weight Gain --- Bariatrics --- Physical Exam --- Exam, Physical --- Exams, Physical --- Physical Exams --- Diagnostic Testing --- Testing, Diagnostic --- Diagnose

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Variceal Hemorrhage provides an update of the evidence concerning several aspects of variceal hemorrhage. The book features new information on natural history, diagnosis of esophageal varices, assessment of  the risk of bleeding, and identification of high risk groups and patients who may benefit or be harmed from different treatments. The volume also presents a critical analysis of the different steps in the management of acute variceal bleeding.   Authored by the most prominent world experts in their areas of expertise, Variceal Hemorrhage serves as a very useful reference for gastroenterologists, GI surgeons, residents in internal medicine and physicians dealing with and interested in the different aspects of this severe medical emergency.

Clinical medicine. --- Gastroenterology. --- Hemorrhage -- Prevention. --- Hemorrhage -- Treatment. --- Hemostatics. --- Internal medicine. --- Medicine. --- Surgery -- Complications. --- Hemorrhage --- Gastrointestinal Diseases --- Esophageal Diseases --- Hypertension, Portal --- Liver Diseases --- Digestive System Diseases --- Pathologic Processes --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Esophageal and Gastric Varices --- Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage --- Liver Cirrhosis --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Gastroenterology --- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders --- Gastrointestinal Disorders, Functional --- Cholera Infantum --- Disease, Gastrointestinal --- Diseases, Gastrointestinal --- Disorder, Functional Gastrointestinal --- Disorders, Functional Gastrointestinal --- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder --- Gastrointestinal Disease --- Gastrointestinal Disorder, Functional --- Infantum, Cholera --- Bleeding --- Hemorrhages --- Cirrhosis, Liver --- Fibrosis, Liver --- Hepatic Cirrhosis --- Liver Fibrosis --- Cirrhoses, Hepatic --- Cirrhoses, Liver --- Cirrhosis, Hepatic --- Fibroses, Liver --- Hepatic Cirrhoses --- Liver Cirrhoses --- Liver Fibroses --- Hematochezia --- Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal --- Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages --- Hematochezias --- Esophageal Varix --- Gastric Varix --- Esophageal Varices --- Gastric Varices --- Varices, Esophageal --- Varices, Gastric --- Varix, Esophageal --- Varix, Gastric --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Pathological Processes --- Processes, Pathologic --- Processes, Pathological --- Digestive System Disease --- Disease, Digestive System --- Diseases, Digestive System --- System Disease, Digestive --- System Diseases, Digestive --- Liver Dysfunction --- Disease, Liver --- Diseases, Liver --- Dysfunction, Liver --- Dysfunctions, Liver --- Liver Disease --- Liver Dysfunctions --- Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome --- Cruveilhier Baumgarten Syndrome --- Hypertensions, Portal --- Portal Hypertension --- Portal Hypertensions --- Syndrome, Cruveilhier-Baumgarten --- Disease, Esophageal --- Diseases, Esophageal --- Esophageal Disease --- Hepatology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Internal Medicine. --- Medicine, Clinical --- Internal medicine --- Digestive organs --- Medicine, Internal --- Gastroenterology .

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Specialties, Surgical --- Diseases --- Public Health --- Disasters --- Disease Attributes --- Environment --- Medicine --- Environment and Public Health --- Pathologic Processes --- Emergencies --- Eye Diseases --- Ophthalmology --- Health Care --- Health Occupations --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Health Professions --- Health Occupation --- Health Profession --- Profession, Health --- Professions, Health --- Occupations --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures --- Eye Disorders --- Eye Disease --- Eye Disorder --- Emergency --- Emergency Treatment --- Pathological Processes --- Processes, Pathologic --- Processes, Pathological --- Medical Specialities --- Medical Specialties --- Medical Specialty --- Specialities, Medical --- Specialties, Medical --- Specialty, Medical --- Medical Speciality --- Speciality, Medical --- Health Workforce --- Environmental Impact --- Environmental Impacts --- Impact, Environmental --- Impacts, Environmental --- Environments --- Environmental Health --- Attribute, Disease --- Attributes, Disease --- Disease Attribute --- Chernobyl Nuclear Accident --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Surgical Specialties

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Morphological and functional studies revealed a complex system of primary sensory neurons that parallels the autonomic nervous system not only in its extent, but probably also in its significance. Neuropeptides released from activated nociceptive afferent nerves play a pivotal role in inflammatory reactions and pain, significantly modulate cardiac, vascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and immune functions and influence the protective, restorative and trophic functions of somatic and visceral tissues. Several chapters of the book deal with the therapeutic potential of a new class of putative

Inflammation - Molecular aspects. --- Inflammation -- Molecular aspects. --- Inflammation - Pathophysiology. --- Inflammation -- Pathophysiology. --- Neurogenic Inflammation. --- Neuropeptides. --- Sensory neurons. --- Inflammation --- Sensory neurons --- Neuropeptides --- Neurogenic Inflammation --- Neurologic Manifestations --- Nervous System Diseases --- Pathologic Processes --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Pathology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Molecular aspects --- Pathophysiology --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Pathological Processes --- Processes, Pathologic --- Processes, Pathological --- Nervous System Disorders --- Neurological Disorders --- Neurologic Disorders --- Disease, Nervous System --- Diseases, Nervous System --- Disorder, Nervous System --- Disorder, Neurologic --- Disorder, Neurological --- Disorders, Nervous System --- Disorders, Neurologic --- Disorders, Neurological --- Nervous System Disease --- Nervous System Disorder --- Neurologic Disorder --- Neurological Disorder --- Neurology --- Focal Neurologic Deficits --- Manifestations, Neurologic --- Manifestations, Neurological --- Neurologic Dysfunction --- Neurologic Findings --- Neurologic Manifestation --- Neurologic Signs --- Neurologic Symptoms --- Neurological Manifestations --- Neurologic Deficits --- Neurologic Signs and Symptoms --- Deficit, Focal Neurologic --- Deficit, Neurologic --- Deficits, Focal Neurologic --- Deficits, Neurologic --- Dysfunction, Neurologic --- Dysfunctions, Neurologic --- Finding, Neurologic --- Findings, Neurologic --- Focal Neurologic Deficit --- Manifestation, Neurologic --- Manifestation, Neurological --- Neurologic Deficit --- Neurologic Deficit, Focal --- Neurologic Deficits, Focal --- Neurologic Dysfunctions --- Neurologic Finding --- Neurologic Sign --- Neurologic Symptom --- Neurological Manifestation --- Sign, Neurologic --- Signs, Neurologic --- Symptom, Neurologic --- Symptoms, Neurologic --- Nervous System --- Innate Inflammatory Response --- Inflammations --- Inflammatory Response, Innate --- Innate Inflammatory Responses --- Immunity, Innate --- Inflammation, Neurogenic --- Inflammations, Neurogenic --- Neurogenic Inflammations --- Neuroimmunomodulation --- Inflammatory process --- Anti-inflammatory agents --- Brain peptides --- Nerve tissue proteins --- Neurotransmitters --- Peptides --- Neurons