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Many legal theorists maintain that laws are effective because we internalize them, obeying even when not compelled to do so. In a comprehensive reassessment of the role of force in law, Frederick Schauer disagrees, demonstrating that coercion, more than internalized thinking and behaving, distinguishes law from society’s other rules. Reinvigorating ideas from Jeremy Bentham and John Austin, and drawing on empirical research as well as philosophical analysis, Schauer presents an account of legal compliance based on sanction and compulsion, showing that law’s effectiveness depends fundamentally on its coercive potential. Law, in short, is about telling people what to do and threatening them with bad consequences if they fail to comply. Although people may sometimes obey the law out of deference to legal authority rather than fear of sanctions, Schauer challenges the assumption that legal coercion is marginal in society. Force is more pervasive than the state’s efforts to control a minority of disobedient citizens. When people believe that what they should do differs from what the law commands, compliance is less common than assumed, and the necessity of coercion becomes apparent. Challenging prevailing modes of jurisprudential inquiry, Schauer makes clear that the question of legal force has sociological, psychological, political, and economic dimensions that transcend purely conceptual concerns. Grappling with the legal system’s dependence on force helps us understand what law is, how it operates, and how it helps organize society.

Duress (Law) --- Coercion (Law) --- Compulsion --- Criminal liability --- Law --- Necessity (Law) --- Threats --- Torts --- Undue influence --- Law and legislation --- Coercion --- Duress (Law). --- Coercion.

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Criminal extortion is an understudied, but widespread and severe problem in Latin America. In states that cannot or choose not to uphold the rule of law, victims are often seen as helpless in the face of powerful criminals. However, even under such difficult circumstances, victims resist criminal extortion in surprisingly different ways. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in violent localities in Colombia, El Salvador and Mexico, Moncada weaves together interviews, focus groups, and participatory drawing exercises to explain why victims pursue distinct strategies to resist criminal extortion. The analysis traces and compares processes that lead to individual acts of everyday resistance; sporadic killings by ad hoc groups of victims and police; institutionalized and sustained collective vigilantism; and coordination between victims and states to co-produce order in ways that both strengthen and undermine the rule of law. This book offers valuable new insights into the broader politics of crime and the state.

Extortion --- Vigilantism --- Crime prevention --- Offenses against property --- Law and legislation --- Crimes against property --- Crime --- Prevention of crime --- Public safety --- Blackmail --- Chantage --- Undue influence --- Threats --- Prevention --- Government policy

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347.45 --- Bijzondere overeenkomsten --(algemeen) --- Liberty of contract --- Liberty of contract. --- Undue influence --- Undue influence. --- 347.45 Bijzondere overeenkomsten --(algemeen) --- Influence, Undue --- Contracts --- Declaration of intention --- Immoral contracts --- Lesion (Law) --- Wills --- Contract, Freedom of --- Contract, Liberty of --- Freedom of contract --- Liberty

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Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born on the 16th October 1854 in Dublin Ireland. The son of Dublin intellectuals Oscar proved himself an outstanding classicist at Dublin, then at Oxford. With his education complete Wilde moved to London and its fashionable cultural and social circles. With his biting wit, flamboyant dress, and glittering conversation, Wilde became one of the most well-known personalities of his day. His only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray was published in 1890 and he then moved on to writing for the stage with Salome in 1891. His society comedies produced enormous hits and turned him into one of the most successful writers of late Victorian London. Whilst his masterpiece, The Importance of Being Earnest, was on stage in London, Wilde had the Marquess of Queensberry, the father of his lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, prosecuted for libel. The trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest and trial for gross indecency. He was convicted and imprisoned for two years' hard labour. It was to break him. On release he left for France, There he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol in 1898. He died destitute in Paris at the age of forty-six sipping champagne a friend had brought with the line 'Alas I am dying beyond my means'. Here we publish another of his classic plays 'An Ideal Husband'

English drama. --- Political corruption. --- Extortion. --- Blackmail --- Chantage --- Offenses against property --- Undue influence --- Threats --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- English literature --- Corrupt practices

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Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Consent (Law) --- Duress (Law) --- Congresses --- Coercion (Law) --- Compulsion --- Criminal liability --- Law --- Necessity (Law) --- Threats --- Torts --- Undue influence --- Declaration of intention --- Justification (Law) --- Law and legislation --- Consent (Law) - Congresses --- Duress (Law) - Congresses