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"Drawing on over a decade of ethnographic fieldwork in northwest China, Casey James Miller offers a novel, compelling, and intimately personal perspective on Chinese queer culture and activism. In Inside the Circle: Queer Culture and Activism in Northwest China, Miller tells the stories of two courageous and dedicated groups of queer activists in the city of Xi'an: a grassroots gay men's HIV/AIDS organization called Tong'ai and a lesbian women's group named UNITE. Taking inspiration from "the circle," a term used to imagine local, national, and global queer communities, Miller shows how everyday people in northwest China are taking part in queer culture and activism while also striving to lead traditionally moral lives in a rapidly changing society. The queer diversity seriously requires us to de-center Western cultural values, historical experiences, and theoretical perspectives"--

Homosexuality --- Gays --- Sexual minorities --- Gay liberation movement --- queer, queer culture, China, lgbtq, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, transgender, transsexual, Xi'an, activism, ethnography, Tong'ai, gender, sexuality, politics, CCP, PRC, People's Republic of China, AIDs, HIV. --- Gay people

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April 2000 - Demand for AIDS vaccines varies by level of risk and by national wealth. At-risk individuals in poor countries suffer on both counts. Providing funds to develop and distribute AIDS vaccines should be a global concern. Bishai, Lin, and Kiyonga delineate two different algorithms for the purchase of AIDS vaccines, to show how differences in policy objectives can greatly affect projections of the number of courses of vaccine that will be needed. They consider a hypothetical vaccine costing USD 10 to produce, and offering 60 percent, 75 percent, and 90 percent reductions in the risk of HIV for 10 years. For each of the world's 10 major geographic divisions, they use published estimates of the risk of AIDS, the value of medical costs averted, and the value of potential productivity losses. Under the health sector algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on government health spending - 766 million courses of vaccine would be purchased. Under the societal algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on health spending and GDP - more than 3.7 billion courses of vaccine would be purchased. Under an equity model - allocating vaccines to everyone in the world at high risk as if they had the financial resources of Western Europeans - vaccine would be offered to 4.7 billion people. For a Western European man, reducing the risk of HIV/AIDS would be a USD 789 concern; in Africa, the comparable risk would be a USD 48,577 crisis. The authors conclude that financing AIDS vaccines solely on the fixed budget of a ministry of health means large vulnerable populations wouldn't receive the vaccine. Allocating the vaccine based on society's ability to pay would still exclude many poor infants who would probably be immunized if they were born in more developed regions. Policymakers concerned about equity in health care must redouble efforts to making the financing of development and distribution of AIDS vaccines a global, not a regional, concern. This paper was commissioned by the World Bank AIDS Vaccine Task Force, co-chaired by Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group and the Health, Nutrition, and Population Team, Human Development Network. David Bishai may be contacted at dbishai@jhsph.edu.

AIDS HIV --- Bereavement --- Children --- Disease Control and Prevention --- Drug Users --- Epidemiology --- Families --- Health Care --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hepatitis B --- Hygiene --- Influenza --- Morbidity --- Patient --- Patients --- People --- Public Health --- Risk Groups --- Sex Workers --- Strategy --- Vaccination --- Victims --- Workers

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This paper attempts to quantify the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on social capital with cross-country data. It estimates reduced-form regressions of the main determinants of social capital controlling for HIV prevalence, institutional quality, social distance, and economic indicators using data from the World Values Survey. The results obtained indicate that HIV prevalence affects social capital negatively. The empirical estimates suggest that a one standard deviation increase in HIV prevalence will lead to a 1 percent decline in trust, controlling for other determinants of social capital. If one moves from a country with a relatively low level of HIV prevalence such as Estonia, to a country with a high level such as Zimbabwe, one would observe an approximate 8 percent decline in social capital. These results are robust in a number of dimensions and highlight the empirical importance of an additional mechanism through which HIV/AIDS hinders the development process.

AIDS HIV --- Communities --- Economic Theory and Research --- Epidemic --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- HIV --- Human capital --- Inequality --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Population Policies --- Poverty Reduction --- Rule of law --- Social Capital --- Social cohesion --- Social Development --- Social networks --- Social norms

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AIDS (Disease) --- Malpractice --- Physicians --- Confidential communications --- Insurance law --- Responsabilité professionnelle --- Médecins --- Médecine --- Assurance --- Law and legislation --- Secret professionnel --- Droit --- Sida --- --Droit --- --Assurance --- --aids (HIV) --- 06.04.d --- 13.01.B --- sida (VIH) --- Levensverzekering ; Extra risico --- Wettelijke en contractuele aansprakelijkheid ; Algemeen ; België --- aids (HIV) --- ziektekostenverzekering (sociale zekerheid, mutualiteit, ziekenfonds, zorgverzekeraar) --- aansprakelijkheid (schadevergoeding, burgerlijke aansprakelijkheid, beroepsaansprakelijkheid) --- beroepsgeheim --- assurance maladie (sécurité sociale, mutualité) --- responsabilité (indemnisation, responsabilité civile, responsabilité professionnelle) --- secret professionnel --- Responsabilité professionnelle --- Médecins --- Médecine --- --AIDS (Disease) --- 254 Malades contagieux --- 676 Responsabilité (Droit civil) --- 735 Assurance vie --- Belg België --- Belg Belgique --- Belg Belgium

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Sex --- AIDS (Disease) --- Sexualité --- Sida --- HIV Infections --- Sexuality --- Disease Transmission, Infectious --- Sexualite --- 392.6 <6> --- 616.97 <6> --- Sexualité --- HIV Infections - Africa --- Sexuality - Africa --- Disease Transmission, Infectious - Africa --- Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise --- Comportement sexuel --- Africains --- Prostitution --- Afrique --- Histoire --- Afrique centrale --- Anthropologie --- Africa --- Afrika --- Aids hiv --- Geschiedenis --- History --- Seksualiteit --- SIDA