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This paper explores which factors influence the success of a GM and under what circumstances GMs trigger, or fail to trigger, improvements in project design, changes in power dynamics, or community relations. By doing so, it aims to produce clearer insights into the roadblocks as well as the dynamics of positive change achieved through GMs (Aslam, Grandvoinnet, and Raha 2015: 70). Although the World Bank offers several avenues for grievance redress to project beneficiaries, this paper focuses on project-level GMs in IPF, which are the responsibility of the World Bank's clients, that is, public sector agencies and ministries. The key research question explored is: What factors influence the effectiveness of project-level GMs? This paper relies on a mixed-methods approach. Fifteen qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted over a six-week period in February and March 2020 by the author with World Bank practitioners specializing in social safeguards policies and the supervision of social aspects, including GM implementation, in World Bank-financed projects. In April 2020, an online survey of 94 GM focal points in implementing agencies was conducted in 24 countries; its 23 questions probed the design, track record, strengths, and weaknesses of project-level GMs (World Bank 2021a). Follow-up discussions were then held with eight project implementation unit (PIU) members from two projects. Finally, the paper also relies on extensive case study analysis.

Grievance procedures.

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Orthopedic Procedures

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Current Therapy in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery is an ideal medical reference book to consult for information in this ever-changing field! Thoroughly revised to reflect the most recent innovations in vascular and endovascular surgery, it features more than 150 chapters on topics new to this edition, and equips residents and practitioners alike with the latest procedures and techniques in this rapidly growing area. Internationally recognized experts present expanded coverage of a wide array of topics, keeping you abreast of all of today's developments!Consult this title on your favorite device, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Quickly locate key information with concise, to-the-point chapters. Prepare for boards or certification exams through coverage that spans the entire spectrum of vascular surgery.Explore brand-new coverage of endovascular procedures and techniques.Learn from leaders in the field, including internationally recognized editors and numerous global experts in specialized disciplines.Access in-depth, detailed coverage of various vascular diseases, each sub-divided into discrete topics for a more focused approach.View procedures more clearly than ever before with the help of more than 800 full-color illustrations throughout.

Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Vascular Surgical Procedures

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Oral Surgical Procedures --- Minor Surgical Procedures

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Refractive Surgical Procedures --- Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures