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Is science objective, a disinterested reflection of reality, as Karl Popper and his followers believed? Or is it subjective, a social construction, as Thomas Kuhn maintained? This text gives an enlightening inquiry into the nature of science, using evolutionary theory as a case study.

Biologen --- Biologistes --- Biologists --- Hommes de science --- Scientifiques --- Scientists --- Wetenschappers --- Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Philosophy --- Historiography --- Attitudes --- Philosophie --- Historiographie --- evolutietheorie (evolutieleer, darwinisme) --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- théorie de l'évolution (darwinisme) --- philosophie des sciences --- Biologists. --- Science --- Scientists. --- Philosophy. --- Attitudes. --- Professional employees --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Life scientists --- Naturalists --- Philosophy of nature --- Evolution (Biology) - Philosophy. --- Science - Philosophy.

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Depuis la Renaissance, le problème des rapports entre science et religion a marqué la culture occidentale. Déjà aux XVIIIième siècle, Alexander Pope, dans un célèbre épigramme, avait ironiquement commenté la difficulté de réconcilier une vision théologique traditionnelle et les nouvelles découvertes scientifiques: "La Nature et ses lois gisaient cachées dans les ténèbres. Dieu dit: "Que Newton soit", et tout s'illumina." Plus tôt encore, Galilée avait insistée sur la séparation des buts poursuivis par la science et la religion, arguant que, si la première peut nous dire comment est le ciel, seule la seconde peut nous enseigner comment y aller. La paléontoloque Stephen J. Gould, plus que tout autre scientifique de notre époque, a dû affronter ces problèmes. Il reprend l'idée d'une sage distinction entre ces deux grandes institutions de l'esprit humain, et affirme la nécessité d'un principe de "non-empiètement des magistères" (NOMA) entre science et religion. La préface du philosophe Dominique Lecourt apporte un précieux éclairage.

Evolution (Biology) --- Creationism --- Religion and science --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Créationnisme --- Religion et sciences --- Darwinisme --- Creationnisme --- Philosophie de la nature --- Histoire. --- Aspect religieux --- Histoire des doctrines. --- evolutietheorie (darwinisme) --- théorie de l'évolution (darwinisme) --- Créationnisme --- Darwinisme - Histoire. --- Darwinisme - Aspect religieux --- Creationnisme - Histoire des doctrines.

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L'auteur, philosophe spécialisé dans l'histoire des sciences, analyse les multiples liens tissés depuis le XIXe jusqu'à nos jours entre la biologie et les pratiques et discours dans la société. Il montre comment certaines idéologies véhiculées par la biologie nourrissent les idéologies politiques, de l'eugénisme au racisme, en passant par le darwinisme social.

Racism --- Eugenics --- Genetics --- Ideology --- Racisme --- Eugénisme --- Génétique --- Idéologie --- History --- Histoire --- Eugenics. --- Human biology. --- Human genetics. --- evolutietheorie (evolutieleer, darwinisme) --- eugenetica (eugenese, eugenetiek) --- sociologie (sociologische aspecten) --- théorie de l'évolution (darwinisme) --- eugénisme (eugénique) --- sociologie (aspects sociologiques) --- Eugénisme --- Génétique --- Idéologie --- Human biology --- Human genetics --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Homiculture --- Race improvement --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Critical race theory --- Race relations --- Heredity, Human --- Physical anthropology --- Biology --- Euthenics --- Heredity --- Involuntary sterilization

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Can evolutionary theory really help us to understand human behaviour? This is an introduction to the science behind the works of Dawkins, Dennett, Wilson and Pinker. Including profiles of the major protagonists, the book provides a truly balanced account of evolutionary theories of human behaviour, and all their faults. Evolutionary theory is one of the most wide-ranging and inspiring of scientific ideas. It offers a battery of methods that can be used to help us understand human behaviour. Nevertheless, the legitimacy of this exercise is at the centre of a heated controversy that has raged for over a century. Many evolutionary biologists, anthropologists and psychologists have taken these evolutionary principles and tried using them to explain a wide range of human characteristics, such as homicide, religion and sex differences in behaviour. Others, however, are sceptical of these interpretations. Moreover, researchers disagree as to the best ways to use evolution to explore humanity, and a number of schools have emerged. 'Sense and Nonsense' provides an introduction to the ideas, methods, and findings of five such schools, namely, sociobiology, human behavioural ecology, evolutionary psychology, memetics, and gene-culture co-evolution. Carefully guiding the reader through the mire of confusing terminology, claim and counter-claim, and polemical statements, Laland and Brown provide a balanced, rigorous analysis that scrutinizes both the evolutionary arguments and the allegations of the critics. This is a book that will make fascinating reading for popular science readers, undergraduate and postgraduate students (for example, in psychology, anthropology and zoology), and for experts in one approach who would like to know more about the other perspectives. Having completed this book the reader will feel better placed to assess the legitimacy of claims made about human behaviour under the name of evolution, and to make judgements as to what is sense and what is nonsense.

159.9 --- 130.123.42 --- 130.123.42 Evolutie in de menselijke cultuur. Ontwikkelingsstadia van de mensheid --- 130.123.42 Metabletica. Leer der veranderingen --- Evolutie in de menselijke cultuur. Ontwikkelingsstadia van de mensheid --- Metabletica. Leer der veranderingen --- Psychologie --- menselijk gedrag --- comportement humain --- Evolutionary psychology --- Psychology --- Human evolution --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Human ecology. Social biology --- Evolutionary psychology. --- Psychologie évolutionniste. --- evolutietheorie (darwinisme) --- théorie de l'évolution (darwinisme)

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In this book Ron Amundson examines two hundred years of scientific views on the evolution-development relationship from the perspective of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). This perspective challenges several popular views about the history of evolutionary thought by claiming that many earlier authors had made history come out right for the Evolutionary Synthesis. The book starts with a revised history of nineteenth-century evolutionary thought. It then investigates how development became irrelevant with the Evolutionary Synthesis. It concludes with an examination of the contrasts that persist between mainstream evolutionary theory and evo-devo. This book will appeal to students and professionals in the philosophy of science, and the philosophy and history of biology.

Developmental biology --- Embryology --- Evolution (Biology) --- evolutietheorie (darwinisme) --- Animal embryology --- Animals --- Development, Embryological --- Development, Embryonic --- Development, Zygotic --- Embryogenesis --- Embryogeny --- Embryological development --- Embryonic development --- Zoology --- Zygote development --- Zygotes --- Zygotic development --- Zygotic embryogenesis --- Morphology (Animals) --- Embryos --- Reproduction --- Development (Biology) --- Biology --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Philosophy --- théorie de l'évolution (darwinisme) --- Development --- Philosophy. --- Evolutionary developmental biology --- Developmental evolution (Biology) --- Evo-devo (Evolutionary developmental biology) --- Evolution of development (Biology) --- Evolutionary biology of development --- Arts and Humanities