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La recherche collective dont cet ouvrage est le fruit s'est donné pour ambition de cerner les implications juridiques de l'adaptation des territoires aux changements climatiques. L'équipe s'est appuyée sur l'exemple de l'île de La Réunion pour s'interroger sur les traductions juridiques du discours politique résultant de la COP 21 qui consistait, tout à la fois, à mettre l'accent sur l'adaptation aux effets des changements climatiques et non plus seulement sur l'atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, à décentraliser les politiques climatiques de manière à les faire correspondre aux spécificités locales, à adopter une approche transversale de la vulnérabilité des territoires et des populations, et à favoriser les échanges de bonnes pratiques au titre d'une coopération globale. Dans ce contexte, les travaux conduits identifient, dans différentes branches du droit, les expressions de l'adaptation, et déterminent si le droit applicable à La Réunion est adapté à l'enjeu climatique. L'accent est mis sur les processus d'agencement des éléments hétérogènes identifiés comme autant de composantes de l'adaptation à La Réunion, afin de révéler et d'évaluer les mécanismes juridiques qui permettent de faire naître et de stabiliser les attentes normatives des parties prenantes de l'adaptation des territoires aux changements climatiques. Cette recherche a été financée par le ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire, dans le cadre du programme OMERAD (15-MCGOT-GICC-2-CVS-009).

Adaptation (Biology)

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While notoriously inefficient, fuel subsidies are widespread, and in many cases politically stable. This paper discusses and models various political economy aspects of fuel subsidies, focusing on gasoline and kerosene. Both economic and political are considered to explain differences in subsidies, with particular focus on democratic and autocratic governments. A political process is modeled whereby a promise of low fuel prices is used in democracies to attract voters, and in autocracies to mobilize support among key groups. Subsidies to fuels are viewed as either easier to observe, easier to commit to, easier to deliver, or better targeted at core groups, than other public goods or favors offered by rulers. Easier commitment and delivery than for regular public goods can explain the high prevalence of such policies in autocracies, and also in young democracies where the capacity to commit to or deliver complex public goods is not yet fully developed. The analysis provides a framework for empirical testing and verification.

Adaptation (Biology)

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Animals --- Adaptation.

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Live, Die, Buy, Eat. These words represent a chain of events which today is disconnected. In the past few years, controversies around meat have arisen around industrialization and globalization of meat production, often pivoting around health, environmental issues, and animal welfare. Although meat increasingly figures as a problem, most consumers' knowledge of animal husbandry and meat production is more absent than ever. Tracing a historical process of alienation along three distinct axes, the authors show how the animal origin of meat is covered up, rationalized, forgotten, excused, neglected, and denied. How is meat produced today, and where? How do we consume meat, and how have our consumption habits changed? Why have these changes occurred, and what are the social and cultural consequences of these changes? Using Norway as a case study, this book examines the dramatic changes in meat production and consumption over the last 150 years. With a wide range of historical sources, together with interviews and observation at farms, slaughterhouses, and production units, as well as analyses of contemporary texts and digital sources, Live, Die, Buy, Eat explores the transformation of animal husbandry, meat production and consumption, together with its cultural consequences. It will appeal to scholars of anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, geography, and history with an interest in food, agriculture, environment, and culture.

Animals --- Adaptation.

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Adaptation (psychology)