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Wealth and power characterize elites, yet despite the strong cultural influences they exert, their study remains underdeveloped. Partly because of complications resulting from access, scholars have tended to focus on groups affected by elite governance rather than on elites themselves. It is often overlooked that, in order to continue through time, elites have to empower new members. Choice has to be exercised over who achieves leadership, both by reference to the elite group itself and to the wider group over which it holds power. This book fills a gap in the current literature by providing the first rigorous interrogation of the choice and succession strategies of elites in various cultural contexts - from the transmission and preservation of financial power in urban contexts to the complex relation between subjectivity and the transmission of leadership positions in places as varied as the United States, Northern Italy and Lisbon. Various elite succession types are discussed, from self-avowedly 'traditional' leaders to the aristocracy, where choice is practically non-existent, to situations where leaders are elected from amongst a group of peers. The relationship between familial property and choice of successor in landholding families, small business enterprises, and peasant communities is also examined, as are ethnic monopolies.
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In The Politics of the Welfare State in Turkey, author Erdem Yörük provides a politics-based explanation for the post-1980 transformation of the Turkish welfare system, in which poor relief policies have replaced employment-based social security. This book is one of the results of Yörük's European Research Council-funded project, which compares the political dynamics in several emerging markets in order to develop a new political theory of welfare in the global south. As such, this book is an ambitious analytical and empirical contribution to understanding the causes of a sweeping shift in the nature of state welfare provision in Turkey during the recent decades--part of a global trend that extends far beyond Turkey. Most scholarship about Turkey and similar countries has explained this shift toward poor relief as a response to demographic and structural changes including aging populations, the decline in the economic weight of industry, and the informalization of labor, while ignoring the effect of grassroots politics. In order to overcome these theoretical shortages in the literature, the book revisits concepts of political containment and political mobilization from the earlier literature on the mid-twentieth-century welfare state development and incorporates the effects of grassroots politics in order to understand the recent welfare system shift as it materialized in Turkey, where a new matrix of political dynamics has produced new large-scale social assistance programs.
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De l'époque moderne à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les élites ont entretenu un rapport étroit à la terre, une terre qui ne constitue pas seulement un patrimoine foncier, mais aussi une source de revenu en tant qu'exploitation agricole, un lieu de vie ou de séjour, un enjeu de pouvoir, un élément de prestige social… Or, ce thème majeur de l'histoire rurale comme de l'histoire des élites, souvent abordé, n'avait jamais fait l'objet d'une synthèse. C'est enfin chose faite grâce au colloque organisé par le Centre d'Études des Mondes Moderne et Contemporain, sous la direction de Caroline Le Mao et Corinne Marache. Ce livre rassemble les contributions de trente-deux historiens qui interrogent la question centrale des « stratégies foncières » et de leurs enjeux pour les élites, se penchent sur les jeux de pouvoir et les conflits liés aux rapports complexes entre élites et terre, analysent le rôle des élites dans l'innovation et la modernisation des campagnes et, enfin, étudient l'intime à travers les approches spécifiques des familles à la terre, mais aussi les notions d'identité et d'art de vivre. Ces regards croisés sont l'occasion d'une mise au point historiographique et offrent une réflexion renouvelée sur les apports réciproques – économiques, sociaux, mais aussi politiques ou culturels – entre le monde de la terre et les élites.
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Une série de contributions présentée en trois parties : la fracture européenne, les élites européennes sans racines et la démocratie élitiste. Ces réflexions ont pour objectif de s'interroger sur le procès en élitisme fait à la construction européenne : est-il fondé, s'agit-il d'un préjugé?.
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