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The Age of Discovery explores one of the most dramatic features of the late medieval and early modern period: when voyagers from Western Europe led by Spain and Portugal set out across the world and established links with the New World.
History of Europe --- History of civilization --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Aardrijkskundige ontdekkingen --- Discoveries [Maritime ] --- Discoveries and exploration --- Discoveries in geography --- Découvertes géographiques --- Découvertes maritimes --- Exploration and discoveries --- Explorations --- Explorations in geography --- Exploring expeditions --- Geografische ontdekkingen --- Geographical discoveries --- Geographical discovery --- Grandes découvertes --- Géographie -- Découvertes --- Maritime discoveries --- Monde -- Découverte et exploration --- Ontdekkingen [Aardrijkskundige ] --- Voyages de découverte --- History, Modern --- Middle Ages. --- History. --- Discoveries in geography. --- Discoveries, Maritime --- Discovery and exploration --- Exploration and discovery --- Voyages and travels --- Explorers --- Geographical discoveries in literature
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Environmental sciences --- Natural history --- Sciences de l'environnement --- Sciences naturelles --- History --- Philosophy --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Natural history. --- History. --- Philosophy. --- History, Natural --- Natural science --- Physiophilosophy --- Biology --- Science
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Medicine --- Diseases --- Disease --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History of Medicine, 20th Century --- Public Health --- Colonies --- History. --- History --- history. --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- Developing Countries --- Medicine - Europe - Colonies - History. --- Medicine - History - 19th century. --- Medicine - History - 20th century. --- Diseases - Europe - Colonies - History. --- Diseases - History - 19th century. --- Diseases - History - 20th century. --- Disease - history. --- Public Health - history.
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Interest in the science, technology and medicine of India under British rule has grown in recent years and has played an ever-increasing part in the reinterpretation of modern South Asian history. Spanning the period from the establishment of East India Company rule through to Independence, David Arnold's wide-ranging and analytical survey demonstrates the importance of examining the role of science, technology and medicine in conjunction with the development of the British engagement in India and in the formation of Indian responses to western intervention. One of the first works to analyse the colonial era as a whole from the perspective of science, the book investigates the relationship between Indian and western science, the nature of science, technology and medicine under the Company, the creation of state-scientific services, 'imperial science' and the rise of an Indian scientific community, the impact of scientific and medical research and the dilemmas of nationalist science.
Science --- Technology --- Medicine --- Health Workforce --- History. --- History --- Sciences --- Technologie --- Médecine --- Histoire
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It has been variously labelled 'Language Poetry', 'Language Writing', 'L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E writing' (after the magazine that ran from 1978 to 1981), and 'language-centred writing'. It has been placed according to its geographical positions, on East or West coasts; its venues in small magazines, independent presses and performance spaces, and its descent from historical precursors, be they the Objectivists, the composers-by-field of the Black Mountain School, the Russian Constructivists or American modernism à la William Carlos Williams and Gertrude Stein. Indeed, one of the few statements that can be made about it with little qualification is that 'it' has both fostered and endured a crisis in representation more or less since it first became visible in the 1970s. In Poetry & Language Writing David Arnold grasps the nettle of Language poetry, reassessing its relationship with surrealism and providing a scholarly, intelligent way of understanding the movement. Poets discussed include Charles Bernstein, Susan Howe, Michael Palmer and Barrett Watten.
Language poetry. --- American poetry --- Poetry, Modern --- Surrealism (Literature) --- Surrealism in literature --- Literature --- Poetry --- History and criticism.
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Toxic Histories combines social, scientific, medical and environmental history to demonstrate the critical importance of poison and pollution to colonial governance, scientific authority and public anxiety in India between the 1830s and 1950s. Against the background of India's 'poison culture' and periodic 'poison panics', David Arnold considers why many familiar substances came to be regarded under colonialism as dangerous poisons. As well as the criminal uses of poison, Toxic Histories shows how European and Indian scientists were instrumental in creating a distinctive system of forensic toxicology and medical jurisprudence designed for Indian needs and conditions, and how local, as well as universal, poison knowledge could serve constructive scientific and medical purposes. Arnold reflects on how the 'fear of a poisoned world' spilt over into concerns about contamination and pollution, giving ideas of toxicity a wider social and political significance that has continued into India's postcolonial era.
Toxins --- Natural toxicants --- Toxicants, Natural --- Toxins and antitoxins --- Antigens --- Metabolites --- Poisons --- Antitoxins --- Detoxification (Health) --- History.
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It is generally assumed that tropical medicine only emerged as a medical specialism in the late nineteenth century under the aegis of men like Patrick Manson and Ronald Ross. However, recent research (much of it brought together for the first time in this volume) shows that a distinctive medicine of 'warm climates' came into existence much earlier in areas like the West-Indies, Indonesia and India. Europeans' health needs were one imperative, but this was more than just the medicine of Europe shipped overseas. Contact with non-Western medical ideas and practices was also a stimulus, as was Europe's encounter with unfamiliar environments and peoples. These essays provide valuable insights into the early history of tropical medicine and from the standpoint of several European powers. They examine the kinds of medicine practised, the responses to local diseases and environments and diseases, the nature of the medical constituencies that developed, and the relationship between the old medicine of 'warm climates' and the emerging tropical medicine of the late nineteenth century. The volume as a whole expands the parameters for the discussion of the evolution of Western medicine and opens up new perspectives on European science and society overseas.
Tropical medicine. --- History of human medicine --- World history --- anno 1800-1899 --- Tropical medicine --- Diseases, Tropical --- Hygiene, Tropical --- Medicine --- Public health, Tropical --- Sanitation, Tropical --- Tropical diseases --- Medical climatology --- History.
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