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On trouvera dans le présent document de travail des informations et un cadre d’analyse qui permettront d’inscrire dans un contexte plus large l’examen des besoins des utilisateurs aux fins du développement de statistiques et d’indicateurs des biotechnologies. Ce document met en évidence et évalue les principaux types d’indicateurs susceptibles d’éclairer l’action des pouvoirs publics. La biotechnologie n’étant encore qu’au stade embryonnaire, l’action publique se focalise sur les politiques de S-T qui ont été divisées en quatre grandes catégories (soutien à la recherche en biotechnologie, diffusion des connaissances et compétences en biotechnologie, valorisation de la recherche biotechnologique et promotion de l’adoption (application et utilisation) des biotechnologies) pour servir de cadre au développement de statistiques pertinentes. Outre les politiques de S-T à caractère plus générique, le document étudie le développement d’indicateurs par grands domaines d’application ...

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This working paper provides input and a framework for a broader discussion of the identification of user needs that should inform the development of biotechnology statistics and indicators. This document identifies and evaluates the main types of indicators that may be required to inform policy actions. Given the embryonic state of biotechnology, the main focus for policy is on S&T policies where four main types of S&T policies – supporting biotechnology research, diffusing biotechnology knowledge and expertise, commercialising biotechnology research and encouraging the adoption (application and use) of biotechnology – are used as a framework for developing relevant statistics. In addition to more generic S&T polices, the paper explores the development of indicators by major application area – agriculture, health, industrial processing and environmental applications. The paper includes both an evaluation of how existing indicators can be used, and the types of new indicators that ...

Science and Technology

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Universities and public research institutes play a key role in enabling the application of scientific breakthroughs and innovations in the marketplace. Many countries - developed and developing alike - have implemented national strategies to support the application or commercialization of knowledge produced by public research organizations. Universities and public research institutes have introduced practices to support these activities, for instance by including knowledge transfer to promote innovation as a core part of their mission. As a result, a vital question for policymakers is how to improve the efficiency of these knowledge transfer practices to help maximize innovation-driven growth and/or to seek practical solutions to critical societal challenges. This book aims to develop a conceptual framework to evaluate knowledge transfer practices and outcomes; to improve knowledge transfer metrics, surveys and evaluation frameworks; and to generate findings on what works and what does not, and to propose related policy lessons. This book is also available as Open Access.

Academic spin-outs. --- Technological innovations. --- Research institutes. --- Research, Industrial. --- Political planning. --- Planning in politics --- Public policy --- Planning --- Policy sciences --- Politics, Practical --- Public administration --- Institutes, Research --- Research centers --- Think tanks --- Universities and colleges --- Learned institutions and societies --- Academic spin-offs --- Spin-offs, Academic --- Spin-outs, Academic --- Technology transfer --- Contract research --- Industrial research --- Research --- Engineering experiment stations --- Inventions --- Technological innovations --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Research institutes --- research. --- innovation. --- knowledge transfer. --- research body. --- university. --- trasferiment tal-għarfien --- zināšanu pārnese --- trasferimento di conoscenze --- teadmussiire --- kennisoverdracht --- transferência de conhecimentos --- intercambio de conocimientos --- prenos znanja --- předávání znalostí --- tudástranszfer --- Wissenstransfer --- aistriú eolais --- kunskapsöverföring --- prenos poznatkov --- transfer wiedzy --- vidensoverførsel --- žinių perdavimas --- tietämyksen siirto --- prijenos znanja --- трансфер на знания --- transfer de cunoștințe --- μεταφορά γνώσεων --- transfert de connaissances --- prenos vedomostí --- knowledge sharing --- transfer znalostí --- prenos znalostí --- osaamisen siirto --- KTE --- přenos znalostí --- innovation --- innovaatio --- innovazione --- novinka --- inovație --- innovazzjoni --- иновация --- innovatsioon --- innowacja --- jaunievedums --- innovación --- vernieuwing --- καινοτομία --- inovácia --- inovação --- иновација --- nuálaíocht --- Innovation --- innováció --- risi --- inovacija --- τεχνολογική καινοτομία --- teknologisk fornyelse --- industrielle Innovation --- technologische Innovation --- technológiai innováció --- inovação tecnológica --- innovación industrial --- innovación tecnológica --- risi industriale --- naujovė --- βιομηχανική καινοτομία --- technologische vernieuwing --- industrijska inovacija --- innovazione industriale --- tehnoloogiline innovatsioon --- priemyselná inovácia --- technologijos naujovė --- technologická inovácia --- innovation technologique --- teollinen innovaatio --- tehnoloģisks jauninājums --- fornyelse --- risi teknologjike --- inovație industrială --- teknisk innovation --- innovation industrielle --- teknologinen innovaatio --- teknologisk innovation --- industriell innovation --- technological innovation --- pramoninė naujovė --- industrial innovation --- технолошка иновација --- innovazione tecnologica --- průmyslová novinka --- tööstusinnovatsioon --- technická novinka --- tehnološka inovacija --- industriel innovation --- ipari innováció --- inovação industrial --- rūpniecisks jauninājums --- innovazione scientifica --- inovație tehnologică --- pētniecība --- badania --- истраживање --- έρευνα --- moksliniai tyrimai --- riċerka --- investigación --- cercetare --- kërkim --- ricerca --- výskum --- výzkum --- истражување --- raziskave --- istraživanje --- investigação --- taighde --- kutatás --- uurimine --- tutkimus --- research --- forskning --- изследване --- Forschung --- recherche --- pesquisa --- ricerca sperimentale --- πανεπιστήμιο --- universitate --- sveučilište --- univerzita --- universitetas --- egyetem --- korkeakoulu --- универзитет --- Universität --- uniwersytet --- università --- akadēmiskā augstskola --- universitet --- universiteit --- ülikool --- universidad --- ollscoil --- université --- университет --- universidade --- univerza --- universitāte --- πανεπιστημιακές σπουδές --- universitetsinstitution --- istituto universitario --- învățământ universitar --- universitetinis lavinimas --- ensino universitário --- formazione universitaria --- sveučilišno obrazovanje --- pregătire universitară --- magisterské studium --- polütehniline instituut --- università privata --- πανεπιστημιακή εκπαίδευση --- arsim universitar --- приватен универзитет --- universitetinis institutas --- università pubblica --- univerzitní vzdělání --- sveučilišni institut --- egyetemi képzés --- univerzitný ústav/fakulta --- egyetemi szintű képzés --- trajnim universitar --- enseñanza universitaria --- yliopiston laitos --- politehnică --- polytechnic --- institut universitaire --- univerzitné vzdelávanie --- universitetsutbildning --- universitaire instelling --- ülikooli instituut --- ülikooliharidus --- politeknik --- formación universitaria --- institut universitar --- formation universitaire --- university training --- formação universitária --- високообразовна установа --- fakulta --- university institute --- főiskola --- univerzitná príprava --- universitair onderwijs --- akademisk utbildning --- universitaire opleiding --- főiskolai képzés --- university education --- instituto universitario --- istruzione universitaria --- augstskolas institūts --- universitetinės studijos --- enseignement universitaire --- polytekninen oppilaitos --- augstskolas izglītība --- polytechnika --- politechnikos kolegija --- државен универзитет --- instituto universitário --- yliopisto-opetus --- bakalářské studium --- politehnikums --- raziskovalna organizacija --- uurimisasutus --- výskumné pracovisko --- organism de cercetare --- organ kërkimi --- centro di ricerca --- organismo de investigação --- истражувачко тело --- centro de investigación --- pētniecības organizācija --- onderzoeksorganisme --- korp tar-riċerka --- οργανισμός έρευνας --- истраживачко тело --- comhlacht taighde --- výzkumný ústav --- organisme de recherche --- instytucje naukowe --- Forschungsstelle --- istraživačko tijelo --- mokslinių tyrimų įstaiga --- forskningsorgan --- изследователска организация --- forskningsorganisation --- tutkimuselin --- kutatóintézet --- laboratorio de investigación --- sipërmarrje kërkimi --- istituto di ricerca --- centre de recherche --- instituto de investigación --- vědecko-výzkumné pracoviště --- uurimisettevõte --- výzkumná laboratoř --- vědecké pracoviště --- research laboratory --- researchonderneming --- organismo di ricerca --- laboratorio di ricerca --- pētniecības laboratorija --- institución científica --- forskningslaboratorium --- forskningsvirksomhed --- výzkumná stanice --- mokslo įstaiga --- uurimislabor --- Forschungsunternehmen --- istraživački laboratorij --- tutkimuslaitos --- laborator kërkimi --- istraživački institut --- výzkumné pracoviště --- laboratório de investigação --- institut kërkimi --- tutkimuslaboratorio --- institut scientifique --- forskningscentrum --- impresa di ricerca --- mokslinė laboratorija --- истражувачки центар --- Forschungszentrum --- kutatóközpont --- mokslo institutas --- empresa de investigación --- výskumný ústav --- výskumné laboratórium --- uurimisinstituut --- εργαστήριο ερευνών --- research undertaking --- empresa de investigação --- entreprise de recherche --- research institute --- tutkimusyritys --- ινστιτούτο ερευνών --- forskningsinstitut --- kutatóvállalat --- Forschungslabor --- mokslinė įmonė --- instituto de investigação --- zinātniskās pētniecības institūts --- laborator de cercetare --- forskningsföretag --- researchlaboratorium --- institut de recherche --- pētniecības uzņēmums --- kutatólaboratórium --- Forschungsinstitut --- κέντρο ερευνών --- onderzoeksinstelling --- výskumný podnik --- ίδρυμα ερευνών --- vědecké středisko --- laboratoire de recherche --- tyrimai --- intellectual property law --- economics --- development studies