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Outcome assessment (Medical care) --- Peripheral vascular diseases. --- Systematic review.

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Patient education is increasingly being used as part of the treatment course and is one of four of the specialist health care's statutory responsibilities in Norway. Group education is commonly used by the learning and activity centres. The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services has summarized available research on the effect of group education to patients and their next of kin. We included 15 systematic reviews that compared group education with individual lessons, nothing or placebo, treatment as usual, treatment as usual or waiting list or no treatment, self-help, or other treatment. The reviews included people with type 2 diabetes, schizophrenia, rheumatism, cancer, back and neck pain, smoking cessation, birth preparation and a mixed group of patients with different chronic conditions. Most comparisons were of low or very low quality and often the documentation necessary was lacking. However, based on the comparisons of high to low quality, group education was found to be:1. Group education generally appears to have a positive effect on psychosocial outcomes such as mental health, coping, relations and knowledge about own illness.2. For people with type 2 diabetes, group education improves long term blood glucose and possibly leads to better skills, knowledge and patient satisfaction compared with usual care, waiting list or no intervention. No effect on quality of life or health behaviour were detected compared with no treatment or placebo3. For people with acute back pain, group education may possibly decrease pain duration work absence compared with no treatment or placebo. No statistical differences were detected compared with physical activity4. For people with schizophrenia, group education may possibly improve mental health and knowledge about own illness comapred with usual care5. For people with various cancers, group education probably impacts positively on depression, anxiety, quality of life, skills and relations with partner compared with usual care. No statistical differences were detected compared with no treatment or placebo.6. Group education probably increases the number of people who stop smoking compared with both self help groups and no intervention. No statistical differences were detected compared with nicotin replacement.

Group counseling. --- Patient education. --- Families --- Health and hygiene.

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Mental illness --- Mentally ill --- Hospitals --- Treatment. --- Social conditions. --- After care.

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Patient education is increasingly being used as part of the treatment course and is one of four of the specialist health care's statutory responsibilities in Norway. Group education is commonly used by the learning and activity centres. The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services has summarized available research on the effect of group education to patients and their next of kin. We included 15 systematic reviews that compared group education with individual lessons, nothing or placebo, treatment as usual, treatment as usual or waiting list or no treatment, self-help, or other treatment. The reviews included people with type 2 diabetes, schizophrenia, rheumatism, cancer, back and neck pain, smoking cessation, birth preparation and a mixed group of patients with different chronic conditions. Most comparisons were of low or very low quality and often the documentation necessary was lacking. However, based on the comparisons of high to low quality, group education was found to be:1. Group education generally appears to have a positive effect on psychosocial outcomes such as mental health, coping, relations and knowledge about own illness.2. For people with type 2 diabetes, group education improves long term blood glucose and possibly leads to better skills, knowledge and patient satisfaction compared with usual care, waiting list or no intervention. No effect on quality of life or health behaviour were detected compared with no treatment or placebo3. For people with acute back pain, group education may possibly decrease pain duration work absence compared with no treatment or placebo. No statistical differences were detected compared with physical activity4. For people with schizophrenia, group education may possibly improve mental health and knowledge about own illness comapred with usual care5. For people with various cancers, group education probably impacts positively on depression, anxiety, quality of life, skills and relations with partner compared with usual care. No statistical differences were detected compared with no treatment or placebo.6. Group education probably increases the number of people who stop smoking compared with both self help groups and no intervention. No statistical differences were detected compared with nicotin replacement.

Group counseling. --- Patient education. --- Families --- Health and hygiene.

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The purpose of this report was to provide an overview of systematic reviews on the effects of interventions to organize services for children, youth and adults with mental disorders. We identified 17 systematic reviews of interventions to organize services for people with mental illness. In terms of content the various organizational interventions complemented each other by having different purposes, covering topics such as multidisciplinary teams, treatment setting, integrated care and continuity of care.1. Intensive coordination of psychosocial work compared with standard therapy possibly led to slightly less number of days in hospital, some more users who maintained contact with mental health care, higher functional score, a few more living independently and possibly slightly higher user satisfaction.2. Use of community multidisciplinary teams versus hospital-based services may lead to slightly fewer hospitalizations3. Day hospitals versus hospitalisation probably led to longer duration for index admission but also probably a slightly better score for social function.4. For all the other interventions with more restricted purposes, the quality of the documentation was either too low, the results had wide confidence intervals or showed inconsistent effects across studies, making it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about efficacy. Of the identified organizational interventions, intensive case management compared with standard therapy appears to be the intervention with positive effects on more outcomes. The quality of the evidence for these results was low. Overall, the scientific evidence for the effect of organisational interventions is generally of low and very low quality. The main part of the studies was of an earlier date. The scientific evidence appears to be a rather inadequate basis for decisions on future organisation of mental health care.

Mental health services. --- Organizational change. --- Organizational behavior.