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This book employs a suite of remotely sensed products and advanced technologies to provide the first comprehensive space-based sensing of Lake Victoria, the world’s second largest freshwater lake that supports a livelihood of more than 42 million people, modulates regional climate, but faces myriads of challenges. Proper understanding of the lake and changes in its physical dynamics (e.g., water level, shorelines and areal dynamics) resulting from the impacts of climate variation and climate change as well as anthropogenic (e.g., hydropower and irrigation) is important for its management as well as for strategic development before, during and after climate extremes (e.g., floods and droughts) in order to inform policy formulations, planning and mitigation measures. Owing to its sheer size, and lack of research resources commitment by regional governments that hamper its observations, however, it is a daunting task to undertake studies on Lake Victoria relying solely on in-situ “boots on the ground” measurements, which are sparse, missing in most cases, inconsistent or restricted by governmental red tapes. The book is useful to those in water resources management and policy formulations, hydrologists, environmentalists, engineers and researchers.

Hydrogeology. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Sustainable development. --- Climate change. --- Remote sensing. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Sustainable Development. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater --- Environmental aspects --- Measurement --- Monitoring

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Here we present a nearly complete treatment of the Grand Universe of linear and weakly nonlinear regression models within the first 8 chapters. Our point of view is both an algebraic view as well as a stochastic one. For example, there is an equivalent lemma between a best, linear uniformly unbiased estimation (BLUUE) in a Gauss-Markov model and a least squares solution (LESS) in a system of linear equations. While BLUUE is a stochastic regression model, LESS is an algebraic solution. In the first six chapters we concentrate on underdetermined and overdeterimined linear systems as well as systems with a datum defect. We review estimators/algebraic solutions of type MINOLESS, BLIMBE, BLUMBE, BLUUE, BIQUE, BLE, BIQUE and Total Least Squares. The highlight is the simultaneous determination of the first moment and the second central moment of a probability distribution in an inhomogeneous multilinear estimation by the so called E-D correspondence as well as its Bayes design. In addition, we discuss continuous networks versus discrete networks, use of Grassmann-Pluecker coordinates, criterion matrices of type Taylor-Karman as well as FUZZY sets. Chapter seven is a speciality in the treatment of an overdetermined system of nonlinear equations on curved manifolds. The von Mises-Fisher distribution is characteristic for circular or (hyper) spherical data. Our last chapter eight is devoted to probabilistic regression, the special Gauss-Markov model with random effects leading to estimators of type BLIP and VIP including Bayesian estimation.   The fifth problem of algebraic regression, the system of conditional equations of homogeneous and inhomogeneous type, is formulated. An analogue is the inhomogeneous general linear Gauss-Markov model with fixed and random effects, also called mixed model. Collocation is an example. Another speciality is our sixth problem of probabilistic regression, the model "errors-in-variable”, also called Total Least Squares, namely SIMEX and SYMEX developed by Carroll-Cook-Stefanski-Polzehl-Zwanzig. Another speciality is the treatment of the three-dimensional datum transformation and its relation to the Procrustes Algorithm. The sixth problem of generalized algebraic regression is the system of conditional equations with unknowns, also called Gauss-Helmert model. A new method of an algebraic solution technique, the concept of Groebner Basis and Multipolynomial Resultant is finally presented, illustrating polynomial nonlinear equations.   A great part of the work is presented in four Appendices. Appendix A is a treatment, of tensor algebra, namely linear algebra, matrix algebra and multilinear algebra. Appendix B is devoted to sampling distributions and their use in terms of confidence intervals and confidence regions. Appendix C reviews the elementary notions of statistics, namely random events and stochastic processes. Appendix D introduces the basics of Groebner basis algebra, its careful definition, the Buchberger Algorithm, especially the C. F. Gauss combinatorial algorithm.   Throughout we give numerous examples and present various test computations. Our reference list includes more than 3000 references, books and papers attached in a CD.   This book is a source of knowledge and inspiration not only for geodesists and mathematicians, but also for engineers in general, as well as natural scientists and economists. Inference on effects which result in observations via linear and nonlinear functions is a general task in science. The authors provide a comprehensive in-depth treatise on the analysis and solution of such problems. I wish all readers of this brilliant encyclopaedic book this pleasure and much benefit.   Prof. Dr. Harro Walk Institute of Stochastics and Applications, Universität Stuttgart, Germany.

Mathematical models. --- Regression analysis. --- Regression analysis --- Linear models (Statistics) --- Physics --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Mathematical Statistics --- Analysis, Regression --- Linear regression --- Regression modeling --- Models, Mathematical --- Earth sciences. --- Geophysics. --- Matrix theory. --- Algebra. --- Statistics. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Linear and Multilinear Algebras, Matrix Theory. --- Statistical Theory and Methods. --- Simulation methods --- Multivariate analysis --- Structural equation modeling --- Physical geography. --- Mathematical statistics. --- Geography --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Statistical methods --- Statistics . --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Mathematical analysis --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences

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Improved geospatial instrumentation and technology such as in laser scanning has now resulted in millions of data being collected, e.g., point clouds. It is in realization that such huge amount of data requires efficient and robust mathematical solutions that this third edition of the book extends the second edition by introducing three new chapters: Robust parameter estimation, Multiobjective optimization and Symbolic regression.  Furthermore, the linear homotopy chapter is expanded to include nonlinear homotopy. These disciplines are discussed first in the theoretical part of the book before illustrating their geospatial applications in the applications chapters where numerous numerical examples are presented. The renewed electronic supplement contains these new theoretical and practical topics, with the corresponding Mathematica statements and functions supporting their computations introduced and applied. This third edition is renamed in light of these technological advancements.

Mathematical logic --- Numerical analysis --- Mathematics --- Geophysics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Computer. Automation --- Civil engineering. Building industry --- algebra --- computers --- informatica --- externe fixatie (geneeskunde --- wiskunde --- geografie --- geologie --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- aarde (astronomie) --- geofysica --- numerieke analyse

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While preparing and teaching ‘Introduction to Geodesy I and II’ to - dergraduate students at Stuttgart University, we noticed a gap which motivated the writing of the present book: Almost every topic that we taughtrequiredsomeskillsinalgebra,andinparticular,computeral- bra! From positioning to transformation problems inherent in geodesy and geoinformatics, knowledge of algebra and application of computer algebra software were required. In preparing this book therefore, we haveattemptedtoputtogetherbasicconceptsofabstractalgebra which underpin the techniques for solving algebraic problems. Algebraic c- putational algorithms useful for solving problems which require exact solutions to nonlinear systems of equations are presented and tested on various problems. Though the present book focuses mainly on the two ?elds,theconceptsand techniquespresented hereinarenonetheless- plicable to other ?elds where algebraic computational problems might be encountered. In Engineering for example, network densi?cation and robotics apply resection and intersection techniques which require - gebraic solutions. Solution of nonlinear systems of equations is an indispensable task in almost all geosciences such as geodesy, geoinformatics, geophysics (just to mention but a few) as well as robotics. These equations which require exact solutions underpin the operations of ranging, resection, intersection and other techniques that are normally used. Examples of problems that require exact solutions include; • three-dimensional resection problem for determining positions and orientation of sensors, e. g. , camera, theodolites, robots, scanners etc. , VIII Preface • coordinate transformation to match shapes and sizes of points in di?erent systems, • mapping from topography to reference ellipsoid and, • analytical determination of refraction angles in GPS meteorology.

Geodesy --- Geomatics. --- Mathematics. --- Earth sciences --- Information science --- Surveying --- Physical geography. --- Geography. --- Geographical information systems. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geography, general. --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Cosmography --- World history --- Geography --- Geophysics. --- Earth sciences. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics

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East African states have historically shared several resources including energy and common heritage of its people. This book provides information on available sources of energy in the region and how the energy suppliers can exploit them in an integrated form to produce the right blend of energy for various applications e.g., industrial, domestic and recreational uses. We provide an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources in-terms of environmental, industrialization, distribution costs and impacts. We hope that the book will contribute towards a sustainable exploitation of energy resources for the improvement of the people’s quality of life.

Power resources --- Renewable energy sources --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Natural resources --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Regional economics. --- Geography. --- Environmental management. --- Political science. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- Regional/Spatial Science. --- Economic Geography. --- Environmental Management. --- Political Science. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Economics --- Regional planning --- Regionalism --- Space in economics --- Energy policy. --- Energy and state. --- Spatial economics. --- Economic geography. --- Geography, Economic --- World economics --- Geography --- Commercial geography --- Spatial economics --- Regional economics --- Energy and state --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- Government policy