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Environmental policy --- Environnement --- Economic aspects --- Politique gouvernementale --- Aspect économique --- 338.58:502.35 --- Environmental protection --- Economic policy --- Cost effectiveness --- Aspect économique --- Environmental policy - Cost effectiveness --- environnement --- politique de l'environnement --- pollution --- écotaxes --- ENVIRONMENT --- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY --- ECONOMIC EVALUATION

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In recent years, there has been a rapid spread of economic instruments (EIs) in environmental policies of OECD Member countries. The application of EIs has gained wider political acceptability and, in a growing number of cases, they have come to have incentive rather than merely revenue-raising effects. In Sweden, eco-taxes have been introduced as part of a broad fiscal reform, while in other countries the approach is more piecemeal. Virtually without exception, EIs are employed in combination with regulations and other policy instruments. Developing countries stand to learn from the OECD experience with EIs, but they often face unique challenges as well as opportunities in applying such instruments. Resource and other prices have historically been distorted in such economies, so correcting such distortions is a prerequisite to the effective use of EIs. Also, underdeveloped markets, public enterprises with soft budget constraints, and high rates of inflation can all undermine the ...

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Somme de réflexions théologiques sur la responsabilité de l'homme dans la création face aux crises écologiques contemporaines. Les auteurs interrogent la responsabilité particulière des chrétiens et leur devoir de parole, l'apport historique et actuel de la tradition protestante ou les conséquences de l'industrialisation. ©Electre 2017

Ecology --- Religious aspects --- Protestantism

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