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Book
Order without design : how markets shape cities
Author:
ISBN: 9780262349215 0262349213 9780262038768 0262038765 0262349221 9780262349222 Year: 2018 Publisher: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press,

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Abstract

"This book emerges from a 55-year career in urban planning, and is illustrated by the author's real-world experience. Without understanding how markets work, urban planners are likely to design infrastructure and regulations that will adversely impact the functioning of cities. By contrast, urban economists review decisions and outcomes after the fact, often publishing their conclusions in specialized journals that fail to influence decision making. This book is a call for qualitative urban planners and quantitative urban economists to come together. Specifically, the book calls for urban economists to take a larger role in the process of operational urban planning. For example, land prices decrease the further away one gets from a city center. When land prices are high, households and firms consume less land; that is, they live in smaller homes and work in smaller offices. Population density then increases because the city is still a desirable place to be, and you can fit more people in smaller spaces. While urban planning often tries to limit densities, it is almost impossible to do so when the price of land is high. Without understanding the factors that lead to high prices, urban planners cannot effectively plan cities, and rents skyrocket and commutes take longer. Cities generate a large amount of data, often recorded in urban departments, but remain unused; urban economists can make use of this new data and provide answers to critical questions in urban economic development. The book does not introduce new concepts of urban economics but uses existing theories to try to improve the practice of urban planning. It looks at such topics as infrastructure, housing affordability, transportation, labor markets, regulation, mobility, and pollution"--

Keywords

Urban economics --- City Planning --- Urban economics. --- City planning. --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- City economics --- Economics of cities --- Economics --- Government policy --- Management --- Economic aspects --- town planning. --- urban economy. --- urban transport. --- urban infrastructure. --- housing. --- bolig --- lakásügy --- tithíocht --- aprūpinimas būstu --- dzīvojamās ēkas --- huisvesting --- asuminen --- vivienda --- домување --- bydlení --- logement --- abitazione --- habitação --- bývanie --- stanovanje --- eluase --- bostad --- στέγη --- жилище --- strehim --- budownictwo mieszkaniowe --- Unterkunft --- locuință --- стан --- abitazzjoni --- woning --- obytný dom --- dzīvojamā māja --- οικία --- appartamento --- prédio de habitação --- dwelling --- banim --- habitación --- lakóépület --- alojamento --- godinë banimi --- būstas --- clădire rezidențială --- στέγαση --- residential building --- mājoklis --- edificio ad uso abitativo --- asuintalo --- obydlí --- obydlie --- korter --- edificación habitable --- oleskelu --- alojamiento --- alloggio --- habitation --- lakás --- Wohngebäude --- gyvenamasis namas --- Wohnhaus --- οίκημα --- elamu --- gyvenamasis pastatas --- casa --- elumaja --- Wohnung --- woonblok --- stambene zgrade --- infrastructură urbană --- městská infrastruktura --- stedelijke infrastructuur --- infrastrukturë urbane --- pilsētas infrastruktūra --- infrastruttura urbana --- bymæssig infrastruktur --- έργα αστικής υποδομής --- stadsinfrastruktur --- mestská infraštruktúra --- infraestrutura urbana --- städtische Infrastruktur --- infraestructura urbana --- kaupunkien infrastruktuuri --- városi infrastruktúra --- miesto infrastruktūra --- infrastruktura miejska --- linna infrastruktuur --- bonneagar uirbeach --- gradska infrastruktura --- mestna infrastruktura --- infrastructure urbaine --- градска инфраструктура --- sipërmarrje statutore --- podnik verejných služieb --- infra-estrutura urbana --- basanläggningar --- közművek --- public utility --- statutory undertaker --- комуналии --- kommunaalettevõte --- јавни комунални претпријатија --- комунални услуги --- lakisääteinen julkisen palvelun tarjoaja --- utilități publice --- komunalinė įmonė --- komunālo pakalpojumu uzņēmums --- julkinen palvelulaitos --- licencijuota įmonė --- урбана инфраструктура --- iompar uirbeach --- Stadtverkehr --- mestni prevoz --- městská doprava --- bytransport --- kaupunkiliikenne --- gradski prijevoz --- pilsētas transports --- trasporti urbani --- trasport urban --- transport urbain --- градски транспорт --- transport urban --- stadsvervoer --- mestská doprava --- miesto transportas --- transporte urbano --- linnatransport --- városi közlekedés --- αστικές συγκοινωνίες --- transport miejski --- stadstransport --- градски превоз --- mobilità urbana --- medzimestská doprava --- kaupunkien välinen liikenne --- transport interurbain --- mobiliteit in de stad --- kommunaler Nahverkehr --- trasporti interurbani --- rörlighet i städer --- městský provoz --- Mobilität im Ortsverkehr --- transport ndërqytetas --- υπεραστικές συγκοινωνίες --- transporte intraurbano --- ortsverbindender Verkehr --- intercity transport --- Personennahverkehr --- transport mellan städer --- mobilitet i byen --- helyközi járat --- меѓуградски транспорт --- tarpmiestinis transportas --- transport mellem byer --- starppilsētu transports --- städtische Verkehrsmittel --- transporte interurbano --- mobilidade urbana --- mobilité urbaine --- меѓуградски превоз --- interstedelijk vervoer --- međugradski prijevoz --- linnadevaheline transport --- transport interurban --- movilidad urbana --- helyközi közlekedés --- helyközi szállítás --- doprava ve městech --- liikkuminen kaupungeissa --- αστική κινητικότητα --- yhdyskuntatalous --- stadsekonomi --- economie urbană --- urbana ekonomija --- economía urbana --- városgazdálkodás --- урбана економија --- geilleagar uirbeach --- économie urbaine --- οικονομία της πόλης --- byøkonomi --- градска привреда --- städtische Wirtschaft --- градска икономика --- hospodaření města --- gospodarka komunalna --- linnamajandus --- mestno gospodarstvo --- pilsētas saimniecība --- hospodárenie mesta --- ekonomija urbana --- economia urbana --- miesto ūkis --- stedelijke economie --- ekonomi urbane --- ekonomika měst --- byplanlægning --- urbanistikë --- urbanizem --- stedenbouw --- várostervezés --- urbanism --- urbanistica --- urbanistyka --- stadsplanering --- yhdyskuntasuunnittelu --- ippjanar tal-ibliet --- urbanismo --- urbanisme --- pilsētplānošana --- urbanizam --- градоустройство --- πολεοδομία --- urbanismus --- linnaplaneerimine --- pleanáil baile --- miestų planavimas --- urbanizmus --- Stadtplanung --- урбанизам --- pianificazione urbana --- výstavba mesta --- politika urbanistického rozvoja --- planifikim urban --- stedelijke planning --- rozvoj miest --- városfejlesztési politika --- политика уређења урбаног простора --- stedebouw --- política urbana --- kaupunkisuunnittelu --- planowanie miast --- Stadtentwicklung --- politica orașului --- stadsarkitektur --- områdesplanering --- Stadtgestaltung --- politica urbana --- skemë planifikimi urban --- planeamento urbano --- Städteplanung --- linnaarendus --- gestión urbanística --- ordenamento urbano --- χωροταξία των πόλεων --- rozvoj mesta --- pianificazione delle città --- pianificazione delle aree urbane --- aménagement des villes --- sistematizare urbană --- planification urbaine --- zhvillim urbanistik --- bypolitik --- ordenamento das cidades --- kaupunkipolitiikka --- byplanlægningspolitik --- városfejlesztés --- community planning --- просторно и урбанистичко планирање --- várospolitika --- linnapoliitika --- урбанистичка политика --- prostorsko in urbanistično načrtovanje --- městské plánování --- politika tal-ippjanar tal-ibliet --- stedelijk beleid --- polityka zagospodarowania terenów miejskich --- városmegújítás --- градоустройствена политика --- politika rozvoje měst --- pjanifikazzjoni urbana --- urbanistična politika --- gradsko planiranje --- уредување и планирање на просторот --- politique d'aménagement urbain --- miestų plėtros politika --- ordenación urbana --- urban design --- kaupunkien kaavoitus --- urejanje urbanega prostora --- αστική χωροταξία --- πολεοδομική πολιτική --- polityka miasta --- урбано планирање --- политика на урбан развој --- politique de la ville --- ordenación de la ciudad --- urban planning --- stadsplanningsbeleid --- linnaarenduspoliitika --- уређење урбаног простора --- αστικός σχεδιασμός --- obecní politika --- Städtebaupolitik --- pilsētu attīstības politika --- urbanistické plánovanie --- taajama-alueen suunnittelu --- aménagement urbain --- city planning --- politikë e zhvillimit urban --- política de ordenación urbana --- rozvoj města --- stadsplaneringspolitik --- πολιτική για τις πόλεις --- politika urejanja urbanega prostora --- miesto politika --- town development --- miestų plėtra --- política das cidades --- urban development policy --- kaupunkisuunnittelupolitiikka --- assetto urbano --- градско планиране --- planificación urbana --- ippjanar urban --- politica di sviluppo urbano --- zagospodarowanie miast --- urbanistično načrtovanje --- zagospodarowanie przestrzenne miast --- политика на градско планиране --- politika urbanog razvoja --- урбанистичко планирање --- amenajarea orașelor --- miesto planas --- política urbanística --- planowanie przestrzenne miast --- arranjo urbanístico --- miestų teritorijų planavimas --- planificare urbană


Book
Converting Land into Affordable Housing Floor Space
Author:
Year: 2014 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Cities emerge from the spatial concentration of people and economic activities. But spatial concentration is not enough; the economic viability of cities depends on people, ideas, and goods to move rapidly across the urban area. This constant movement within dense cities creates wealth but also various degrees of unpleasantness and misery that economists call negative externalities, such as congestion, pollution, and environmental degradation. In addition, the poorest inhabitants of many cities are often unable to afford a minimum-size dwelling with safe water and sanitation, as if the wealth created by cities was part of a zero-sum game where the poor will be at the losing end. The main challenge for urban planners and economists is reducing cities' negative externalities without destroying the wealth created by spatial concentration. To do that, they must plan and design infrastructure and regulations while leaving intact the self-organizing created by land and labor markets. The balance between letting markets work and correcting market externalities through infrastructure investment and regulation is difficult to achieve. Too often, planners play sorcerer's apprentice when dealing with markets whose functioning they poorly understand. The role of the urban planner is then, first, to better understand the complex interaction between market forces and government interventions, infrastructure investment and regulation, and second, to design these interventions based on precise quantitative objectives. Each city's priorities would depend on its history, circumstances, and political environment. But maintaining mobility and keeping land affordable remains the main urban planning objective common to all cities.


Book
Cities without land markets : lessons of the failed socialist experiment
Authors: ---
ISBN: 128001654X 9786610016549 058525317X Year: 1994 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank,

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Digital
Analyzing building height restrictions: predicted impacts, welfare costs, and a case study of Bangalore, India
Authors: ---
Year: 2004 Publisher: Washington, D.C. World Bank

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Book
Analyzing building height restrictions : predicted impacts, welfare costs, and a case study of Bangalore, India
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2004 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank,

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Book
Cities without land markets : location and land use in the socialist city
Authors: --- ---
Year: 1995 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank, Transportation, Water, and Urban Development Dept., Transport Divison and Financial Sector Development Dept.,

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Book
Working with the market : a new approach to reducing urban slums in India
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2010 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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This paper examines the policy options for India as it seeks to improve living conditions of the poor on a large scale and reduce the population in slums. Addressing the problem requires first a diagnosis of the market at the city level and a recognition that government interventions, rather than thwarting the operations of the market, should seek to make it operate better. This can substantially reduce the subsidies required to assist low income households to attain decent living standards. The authors show that government programs that directly provide housing would cost, in conservative estimates, about of 20 to 30 percent of GDP, and cannot solve a problem on the scale of India's. Using two case studies, for Mumbai and Ahmedabad, the paper offers a critical examination of government policies that shape the real estate market and make formal housing unaffordable for a large part of the population. It illustrates how simple city level market diagnostics can be used to identify policy changes and design smaller assistance programs that can reach the poor. The linkage between chronic infrastructure backlogs and policies makes housing unnecessarily expensive. Increasing the carrying capacity of cities is essential for gaining acceptance of real estate policies suited to Indian cities. The authors propose approaches for funding major investments to achieve this.


Book
Ahmedabad : More but Different Government for "Slum Free" and Livable Cities
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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This paper analyzes real estate market dynamics over the past decade in the city of Ahmedabad, India, with a view to improving the living conditions of the large population living in slums. The paper combines census data, the National Sample Survey, and slum household surveys to review the demand side of the market. Satellite photography was used to estimate the production of both formal and informal housing over the past ten years. Analysis of the execution of the development plan for the Ahmedabad region and town planning schemes shows how the system of housing supply has evolved. These analyses are used to assess the feasibility of various approaches to achieving "slum free" cities, the goal of the Government of India's planned assistance program Rajiv Awas Yojana. The paper concludes that notwithstanding a substantial increase in public housing production in recent years, providing subsidized formal homes from government or through reservations for lower income groups in private developments would take more than a generation just to handle the current slum population - representing one-third of households. Providing basic environmental infrastructure services in existing underserved neighborhoods - a proven approach under the Slum Networking Program - and bolstering infrastructure networks for the city to accommodate increased demand are affordable and feasible. Addressing issues such as rural-urban land conversion and ambiguous land tenure, and allowing flexibility for realistic building standards and increasing maximum floor space standards in certain neighborhoods can help to ensure a growing supply of housing that is affordable for moderate and low-income households.

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