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There is limited evidence on the role of participating in international trade in the diffusion of technologies. This paper analyzes the impact of exporting on firms' adoption of more sophisticated technologies, using a novel dataset, the Firm-level Adoption of Technology survey, which includes more than 1,500 firms in Brazil. The survey provides detailed information on the use of more than 300 technologies, combined with data from Brazil's census of formal workers and export data from the Ministry of Trade. To address critical endogeneity concerns, the analysis applies difference-in-differences with multiple periods to examine the effects of entering export markets on technology adoption. The findings show that exporting has a positive effect on firms' likelihood of adopting advanced technologies in business functions related to business administration, production planning, supply chain management, and quality control, which are important for managing tasks associated with export activities.

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This technical note implements a firm-level productivity diagnostic using the census of manufacturing firms and a large services survey in Kenya. By using a number of stylized productivity indicators, we aim to identify the ability of Kenyan firms to grow. The information presented in this diagnostic will help to conduct evidence-based policy-making. Specifically, implementing firm-level productivity diagnostics provide the necessary information for (i) improving the targeting of economic policies, (ii) enhancing their effectiveness, (iii) making more accurate predictions of the effects of industry shocks and policy reforms on the economy, and (iv) understanding the behavior of macroeconomic variables by tracking the evolution of variables at the firm-level. This note shows that there is a lot of heterogeneity in firms' attributes and performance, and this can potentially be attributed to the presence of economic distortions that affect the efficient allocation of resources across firms, with the manufacturing sector showing a lackluster performance compared to the services sector. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of locating productivity at the center of the competitiveness agenda as a key instrument for employment creation and poverty reduction.

Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Export Development and Competitiveness --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Support --- Microenterprises --- Private Sector Development --- Regulation and Competition Policy --- Small and Medium Size Enterprises --- Technology Diffusion --- Trade and Integration

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This paper describes and benchmarks innovation activities for a sample of countries in the South Asia region, as well as the impact of these activities on firm-level productivity. The evidence gathered suggests that countries in the South Asia region can be divided into two groups, in terms of the magnitude and composition of the innovation activities: leaders (Bangladesh and India) and laggards (Nepal and Pakistan). Leaders present higher rates of innovation activities than laggards and focus more on process innovation than product innovation. Differences across firms within all countries tend to present similar patterns when considering leaders and laggards, with the acquisition of knowledge capital (for example, research and development investments in equipment, and training) highly concentrated in a few firms, and mature, exporter, and foreign-owned firms as the most innovative of the region. The evidence also suggests a positive impact of innovation on productivity, primarily via incremental innovation, especially in India.

Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies --- Common Carriers Industry --- Common Property Resource Development --- Construction Industry --- Development --- Food and Beverage Industry --- General Manufacturing --- Governance --- Inequality --- Innovation --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Legal Products --- Legal Reform --- Plastics and Rubber Industry --- Productivity --- Pulp and Paper Industry --- Real and Intellectual Property Law --- Research --- Rural Development --- Social Development --- Social Policy --- Textiles, Apparel and Leather Industry

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National wealth --- Foreign trade policy --- Social policy --- 339.543 --- Tarievenpolitiek. Tolpolitiek. Douaneverdragen. Vrijhandel. Vrijgoederenverkeer. --- 339.543 Tarievenpolitiek. Tolpolitiek. Douaneverdragen. Vrijhandel. Vrijgoederenverkeer. --- 339.96 --- 339.54 --- AA / International- internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 338.340 --- 382.30 --- 339.21 --- 382.33 --- Free trade --- Commercial policy --- Poverty --- 382.3 --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- 339.54 Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Vrijhandel. --- Government policy --- Social aspects --- Tarievenpolitiek. Tolpolitiek. Douaneverdragen. Vrijhandel. Vrijgoederenverkeer --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Vrijhandel --- Free trade - Social aspects - Developing countries