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This richly illustrated book provides a comprehensive account of the imaging of scalp and calvarial lesions. It discusses essential facts such as the anatomy and pathology of the scalp and calvarium, imaging findings in CT and MRI, differential diagnosis, and selected references. The author presents the key information on the left and illustrations on the right side of the book. While the book shows the most common radiological examples, it also includes less typical cases. The uniform design and easy-to-use structure make the book a valuable reference guide for (neuro)radiology, neurosurgery, and dermatology specialists.

Nervous system --- Neurology. --- Neuroradiology. --- Neurosurgery. --- Radiography. --- Surgery. --- Scalp --- Diseases.

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Maladies --- Radiologie --- Ziekten --- Academic collection --- #BIBC:T1995 --- Theses

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Brain --- Spinal cord --- Spine --- Nervous System Diseases --- Neuroradiography --- Imaging --- Imaging --- Imaging --- diagnosis --- methods

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Objectives: Demonstrate the added value of Arterial Spin-Labeling (ASL) in the differentiation of intra-axial brain tumor types and grades in adults and children, and compare this value to more frequently used contrast-dependent methods such as DSC- and DCE-MRI. Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA, obtaining evidence via Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed and EMBASE. Results: ASL-derived rTBF was described useful in differentiating of HGGs from LGGs (sensitivity 85%, specificity 92%) and to lesser extent regarding individual glioma grading. A significant correlation was reported between DSC-MRI and ASL. When discriminating HGGs from solitary brain metastases (SBM), a high diagnostic power (sensitivity 88%, specificity 85%) for ASL was described with rTBFperitumoral as the most valuable parameter. ASL has a high diagnostic power (AUC 0.94) when discriminating HGGs from primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL), however the diagnostic power of DSC-MRI was reported higher (AUC 0.98). When discriminating common fossa posterior masses, hemangioblastoma and metastases, an excellent diagnostic power for ASL was demonstrated when rTBF was combined with size ratio as an outcome parameter (AUC 0.99). ASL-derived parameters were suggested as a useful tool in the heterogenous group of pediatric brain tumors in discriminating high-grade tumors from low-grade tumors. Similar results were produced when comparing DSC and ASL. Conclusion: ASL is a powerful tool in differentiating tumor types and grades and might be proposed as a reliable alternative for other perfusion MRI techniques as DSC-MRI and DCE-MRI in certain patient populations.

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Background: Outcome prediction is challenging in comatose post-cardiac arrest survivors. The value of MRI in routine prognostication for these patients is unclear. Diffusion-weighted imaging is the most studied MRI sequence in this setting. Nevertheless, some other MRI sequences show promising results. Objectives: This systematic review of observational studies aims to find out whether specific MRI sequences make sense in the prognostic process for comatose post-cardiac arrest survivors. Methods: A systematic search was performed in April-Mai 2019 to identify all relevant articles. Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched with the terms brain, MRI and cardiac resuscitation. 322 unique records were found and 13 articles were included in the systematic review. Only primary studies with a sufficient qualitative study design were included. The risk of bias was assessed with a GRADE score. Results: The average quality of evidence of the 13 included articles is low to very low. DWI is observed in most included studies (8/13). A percentage of brain volume with an ADC value below an ADC threshold, in MR images taken 2-5 days after cardiac arrest, seems to be the best DWI predictor for poor outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest. FLAIR only seems useful in combination with DWI to calculate the Hirsch scores. Nevertheless, the Hirsch scores are deemed unreliable, based upon 4/13 included studies. Finally, resting-state functional MRI, with BOLD DMN-SN internetwork connectivity, 1H-MRS, with NAA/CR ratio in lenticular cores and diffusion tensor imaging, with fractional anisotropy of white matter show promising results according to 1-2/13 included articles per prognosticator. Conclusion: Quantitative DWI, 2-5 days after cardiac arrest, specifically the percentage of brain volume with an ADC value below an ADC threshold shows most promising as MRI prognosticator. Future studies may prove fMRI with BOLD, 1H-MRS with NAA/CR or DTI with FA even better predictors.