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The Scope of the Project The concept of holism is at the centre of far-reaching changes in various areas of philosophy in the second half of the twentieth century. Holism in epistemology and the philosophy of mind is widespread among analytic philosophers subsequent to the work of the later Wittgenstein and to Quine's "Two Dogmas of Empiricism". Roughly speaking, the claim is that (a) for a person to have beliefs, a social, linguistic community is required and that (b) single beliefs have a meaning only within a whole system of beliefs. Furthermore, holism is discussed in science, in particular in the interpretation of quantum physics. In fact, the term "holism" goes back to Smuts (1926), who introduces this term in a biological context. I Holism in any of these areas has considerable consequences for our philosophical view of the world and ourselves. Holism in quantum physics is said to refute atomism, which has been predominant in modem philosophy of nature. Holism in epistemology and the philosophy of mind is seen as an alternative to what is known as the Cartesian tradition, which dominated modem thought down to logical empiricism.

Holism. --- Philosophy of mind. --- Quantum theory --- Holism --- Philosophy of mind --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Philosophy --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Wholism --- Evolution --- Whole and parts (Philosophy) --- Quantum theory. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy and science. --- Pragmatism. --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Mind. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy, general. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Idealism --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy, Modern --- Positivism --- Realism --- Utilitarianism --- Experience --- Reality --- Truth --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology

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Philosophie des sciences --- Philosophie et sciences --- Épistémologie --- Sciences --- Philosophie --- Épistémologie - Manuels d'enseignement supérieur --- Philosophie et sciences - Manuels d'enseignement supérieur --- Sciences - Philosophie - Manuels d'enseignement supérieur

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Cet ouvrage de référence présente l'état actuel de la philosophie de l'esprit. Les positions majeures y sont introduites dans un ordre systématique, les arguments principaux et les éléments de critique y sont exposés pour chaque position. À ce fil conducteur s'ajoute un appareil didactique fouillé, avec, pour chaque point abordé, un résumé, des suggestions de lecture, des questions de contrôle et des propositions de travail. Cette nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée, tient compte des débats récents autour des questions du dualisme, du libre arbitre et de la normativité.

Philosophie de l'esprit. --- Esprit. --- Philosophie de l'esprit --- Philosophy of mind. --- Spirit.

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Cet ouvrage interroge les liens entre déterminisme (lois de la nature) et liberté humaine, et plaide pour une approche originale. D’après l’auteur, philosophe des sciences, le déterminisme en physique, en biologie ou en neurosciences n'entre pas en conflit avec le libre arbitre humain, car le déterminisme scientifique n'implique pas de prédétermination des événements futurs ni de la pensée et des actions humaines. Bien au contraire, les sciences présupposent la liberté humaine pour formuler, tester et justifier des théories. Une référence pour tous ceux qui s'interrogent sur l'impact des sciences sur la liberté humaine.

Philosophy of Science --- Determinism (Philosophy)

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This book argues for two claims: firstly, determinism in science does not infringe upon human free will because it is descriptive, not prescriptive, and secondly, the very formulation, testing and justification of scientific theories presupposes human free will and thereby persons as ontologically primitive. The argument against predetermination is broadly Humean, or more precisely ‘Super-Humean’, whereas that against naturalist reduction is in large Kantian, drawing from Sellars on the scientific and the manifest image. Thus, whilst the book defends scientific realism against the confusion between fact and fake, it also reveals why scientific theories, laws and explanations cannot succeed in imposing norms for our actions upon us, neither on the level of the individual nor on that of society. Esfeld makes a strong case for an ontology of science that is minimally sufficient to explain our scientific and common sense knowledge, not only removing the concern that the laws of nature are incompatible with human freedom, but furthermore showing how our freedom is in fact a very presupposition for science.

Metaphysics --- Philosophy of science --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- metafysica