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In the Upper Egyptian city of Edfu, laying 110 km upriver from Luxor, stands the most complete surviving temple of ancient Egypt. The temple, dedicated to Horus, was begun in 327 BCE under Ptolemy III and continued in several building phases. The final phase began in 116 BCE with the completion of the courtyard enclosure and the monumental pylon, which reached a height of 32 meters and towered over the temple and the surrounding city. The closed facade of the gateway gives the impression that it and the neighboring pylons were associated with a massive building project of the New Kingdom. This situation has led to observations about the interior of the building that have gone unnoticed in previous studies of the complex, which contains an eight-story building with two staircases and thirty-six internal rooms. Ulrike Fauerbach has analyzed the building by screening its architecture and placing it in its typological context. This study is concerned with the best preserved multi-story building of ancient Egypt and, on that basis, offers a new point of view into the transformative period from pharaonic to Greek building techniques. Fauerbach demonstrates that the fifty-ton blocks used in the construction of the site were dragged up ramps to the required height and were then shifted into place with levers, although at cranes were already being employed in other constructions sites from the same period. Despite this traditional building technique, the building survives as a masterwork of pharaonic architecture, which the research shows by examining countless details such as the steps, the doors, the use of light, the secret passages to the treasury, and not least in the ritual use of the building.

Temples --- Architecture --- Temple of Horus (Idfū, Egypt) --- Idfū (Egypt) --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Temples - Egypt - Idfū --- Architecture - Egypt - Idfū --- Idfū (Egypt) - Buildings, structures, etc.

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Depuis les années 1980, une approche nouvelle s’est imposée autour de la construction en reprenant le principe archéologique de la stratigraphie des unités et des faits. Plusieurs rencontres depuis 2001 ont pu témoigner de ces avancées et il devenait nécessaire de confronter tous les acteurs concernés dans un colloque international. Cette archéologie dépasse les études architecturales traditionnelles qui reposaient essentiellement sur les formes et les grandes étapes de changement visibles à l’œil depuis le sol. Le bâti apparaît aujourd’hui non comme uniquement un ensemble de formes inscrites dans l’histoire mais comme une structure complexe toujours en renouvellement. La construction n’est plus celle d’un type entrant dans des cases mais celle d’un lieu aux fonctions et aux usages ayant évolué avec le temps. Sa permanence comme sa disparition nous interroge.

Archaeology --- bâti --- archéologie --- archéologie du bâti --- architecture --- pierre --- patrimoine --- histoire --- chantier --- relevés --- bois --- construction --- archaeology --- surveys --- building --- capture