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Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Economic development --- Natural resources. --- Environmental aspects. --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Economics --- Environmental Economics --- Environmental Economics. --- Economic development - Environmental aspects.

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This book, based on lectures on natural and environmental resource economics, offers a nontechnical exposition of the modern theory of sustainability in the presence of resource scarcity. It applies an alternative take on environmental economics, focusing on the economics of the natural environment, including development, computation, and potential empirical importance of the concept of option value, as opposed to the standard treatment of the economics of pollution control. The approach throughout is primarily conceptual and theoretical, though empirical estimation and results are sometimes noted. Mathematics, ranging from elementary calculus to more formal dynamic optimization, is used, especially in the early chapters on the optimal management of exhaustible and renewable resources, but results are always given an economic interpretation. Diagrams and numerical examples are also used extensively. The first chapter introduces the classical economists as the first resource economists, in their discussion of the implications of a limited natural resource base (agricultural land) for the evolution of the wider economy. A later chapter returns to the same concerns, along with others stimulated by the energy and environmental “crises” of the 1970s and beyond. One section considers alternative measures of resource scarcity and empirical findings on their behavior over time. Another introduces the modern concept of sustainability with an intuitive development of the analytics. A chapter on the dynamics of environmental management motivates the concept of option value, shows how to compute it, then demonstrates its importance in an illustrative empirical example. The closing chapter, on climate change, first projects future changes and potential catastrophic impacts, then discusses the policy relevance of both option value and discounting for the very long run. This book is intended for resource and environmental economists and can be read by interested graduate and advanced undergraduate students in the field as well.

Environmental economics. --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Natural resources. --- Energy policy. --- Energy and state. --- Environmental management. --- Economic theory. --- Environmental Economics. --- Natural Resources. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- Environmental Management. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Energy and state --- Power resources --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Government policy

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Nature protection --- Economic structure --- Natural resources --- Valuation --- United States --- Public lands --- 614.7 --- 504.03 --- 630*907.2 --- 330.15 --- -Natural resources --- -Public lands --- -Lands, Public --- Land use --- Public domain --- Crown lands --- Natural resources, Communal --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Pollutie van lucht, water, grond--(openbare gezondheidszorg) --- Social and socio-economical aspects of human influences on the environment. Social ecology. Ecological economics --- Recreation --- Grondstoffen. Natural resources --- -Law and legislation --- Economic aspects --- -Pollutie van lucht, water, grond--(openbare gezondheidszorg) --- -614.7 --- 330.15 Grondstoffen. Natural resources --- 630*907.2 Recreation --- 504.03 Social and socio-economical aspects of human influences on the environment. Social ecology. Ecological economics --- -330.15 Grondstoffen. Natural resources --- Lands, Public --- BLM lands --- Bureau of Land Management lands --- Natural resources - United States --- Natural resources - Valuation --- United States - Public lands

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This book is organized into 4 sections, each looking at the question of outcome prediction in cancer from a different angle. The first section describes the clinical problem and some of the predicaments that clinicians face in dealing with cancer. Amongst issues discussed in this section are the TNM staging, accepted methods for survival analysis and competing risks. The second section describes the biological and genetic markers and the rôle of bioinformatics. Understanding of the genetic and environmental basis of cancers will help in identifying high-risk populations and developing effectiv

Cancer --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Survival analysis (Biometry) --- Diagnosis. --- Prognosis. --- Analysis, Survival (Biometry) --- Survivorship analysis (Biometry) --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Biometry --- Failure time data analysis --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing

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This book is organized into 4 sections, each looking at the question of outcome prediction in cancer from a different angle. The first section describes the clinical problem and some of the predicaments that clinicians face in dealing with cancer. Amongst issues discussed in this section are the TNM staging, accepted methods for survival analysis and competing risks. The second section describes the biological and genetic markers and the r̥le of bioinformatics. Understanding of the genetic and environmental basis of cancers will help in identifying high-risk populations and developing effective prevention and early detection strategies. The third section provides technical details of mathematical analysis behind survival prediction backed up by examples from various types of cancers. The fourth section describes a number of machine learning methods which have been applied to decision support in cancer. The final section describes how information is shared within the scientific and medical communities and with the general population using information technology and the World Wide Web. * Applications cover 8 types of cancer including brain, eye, mouth, head and neck, breast, lungs, colon and prostate * Include contributions from authors in 5 different disciplines * Provides a valuable educational tool for medical informatics.

Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics