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"A much-needed synthesis of active inference, a theory of mind that addresses cognition, behavior, intelligence, & mental disorders and which can be extended to explain behavior in all living systems"--

Neurosciences --- Philosophy of mind --- Active Inference --- free energy --- predictive coding --- Bayesian inference --- predictive processing --- planning as inference --- active sensing --- hypothesis testing --- behavior --- theoretical neurobiology --- brain --- computational neuroscience --- perception --- planning --- action --- control. --- Perception. --- Inference. --- Neurobiology. --- Human behavior models. --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Bayesian statistical decision theory. --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience --- PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Neuroscience & Cognitive Neuropsychology --- PHILOSOPHY / Mind & Body --- Bayes' solution --- Bayesian analysis --- Statistical decision --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Behavioral modeling --- Behavioral models --- Modeling human behavior --- Models of behavior --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Reasoning --- Supraliminal perception --- Cognition --- Apperception --- Senses and sensation --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology

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Brain --- Brain Mapping. --- Cognition --- Diagnostic Imaging. --- -Brain mapping --- Neuropsychology --- Neurophysiology --- Psychophysiology --- Psychology --- Connectome mapping --- Mapping of the brain --- Topographic brain mapping --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Imaging, Diagnostic --- Imaging, Medical --- Medical Imaging --- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted --- Brain Electrical Activity Mapping --- Functional Cerebral Localization --- Topographic Brain Mapping --- Brain Mapping, Topographic --- Functional Cerebral Localizations --- Mapping, Brain --- Mapping, Topographic Brain --- Stereotaxic Techniques --- physiology. --- Imaging --- Localization of functions --- Brain mapping. --- Cognition. --- Neuropsychology. --- Hulpwetenschappen --- Imaging. --- fysiologie en biologie --- Radiologic and Imaging Nursing --- fysiologie en biologie. --- Brain mapping --- Brain Mapping --- Diagnostic Imaging --- physiology --- Physiology. --- Fysiologie en biologie.

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In the burdened scenes of everyday life, our brains must select from among many competing inputs for perceptual synthesis - so that only the most relevant receive full attention and irrelevant (distracting) information is suppressed. At the same time, we must remain responsive to salient events outside our current focus of attention - and balancing these two processing modes is a fundamental task our brain constantly needs to solve. Both the physical saliency of a stimulus, as well as top-down predictions about imminent sensations crucially influence attentional selection and consequently the response to unexpected events. Research over recent decades has identified two separate brain networks involved in predictive top-down control and reorientation to unattended events (or oddball stimuli): the dorsal and ventral fronto-parietal attention systems of the human brain. Moreover, specific electrophysiological brain responses are known to characterize attentional orienting as well as the processing of deviant stimuli. However, many key questions are outstanding. What are the exact functional differences between these cortical attention systems? How are they lateralised in the two hemispheres? How do top-down and bottom-up signals interact to enable flexible attentional control? How does structural damage to one system affect the functionality of the other in brain damaged patients? Are there sensory-specific and supra-modal attentional systems in the brain? In addition to these questions, it is now accepted that brain responses are not only affected by the saliency of external stimuli, but also by our expectations about sensory inputs. How these two influences are balanced, and how predictions are formed in cortical networks, or generated on the basis of experience-dependent learning, are intriguing issues. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect innovative contributions that shed further light on the (cortical) mechanisms of attentional control in the human brain. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that investigate the behavioural correlates, functional anatomy or electrophysiological markers of attentional selection and reorientation. Special emphasis will be given to studies investigating the context-sensitivity of these attentional processes in relation to prior expectations, trial history, contextual cues or physical saliency. We would like to encourage submissions employing different research methods (psychophysical recordings, neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, MEG, EEG or ECoG, as well as neurostimulation methods such as TMS or tDCS) in healthy volunteers or neurological patients. Computational models and animal studies are also welcome. Finally, we also welcome submission of meta-analyses and reviews articles that provide new insights into, or conclusions about recent work in the field.

Neuroscience. --- Perception --- Attentional control. --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- reward --- emotions --- EEG --- attentional networks --- trial history --- TMS --- predictions --- neuroimaging --- Physiological aspects.

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In the burdened scenes of everyday life, our brains must select from among many competing inputs for perceptual synthesis - so that only the most relevant receive full attention and irrelevant (distracting) information is suppressed. At the same time, we must remain responsive to salient events outside our current focus of attention - and balancing these two processing modes is a fundamental task our brain constantly needs to solve. Both the physical saliency of a stimulus, as well as top-down predictions about imminent sensations crucially influence attentional selection and consequently the response to unexpected events. Research over recent decades has identified two separate brain networks involved in predictive top-down control and reorientation to unattended events (or oddball stimuli): the dorsal and ventral fronto-parietal attention systems of the human brain. Moreover, specific electrophysiological brain responses are known to characterize attentional orienting as well as the processing of deviant stimuli. However, many key questions are outstanding. What are the exact functional differences between these cortical attention systems? How are they lateralised in the two hemispheres? How do top-down and bottom-up signals interact to enable flexible attentional control? How does structural damage to one system affect the functionality of the other in brain damaged patients? Are there sensory-specific and supra-modal attentional systems in the brain? In addition to these questions, it is now accepted that brain responses are not only affected by the saliency of external stimuli, but also by our expectations about sensory inputs. How these two influences are balanced, and how predictions are formed in cortical networks, or generated on the basis of experience-dependent learning, are intriguing issues. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect innovative contributions that shed further light on the (cortical) mechanisms of attentional control in the human brain. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that investigate the behavioural correlates, functional anatomy or electrophysiological markers of attentional selection and reorientation. Special emphasis will be given to studies investigating the context-sensitivity of these attentional processes in relation to prior expectations, trial history, contextual cues or physical saliency. We would like to encourage submissions employing different research methods (psychophysical recordings, neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, MEG, EEG or ECoG, as well as neurostimulation methods such as TMS or tDCS) in healthy volunteers or neurological patients. Computational models and animal studies are also welcome. Finally, we also welcome submission of meta-analyses and reviews articles that provide new insights into, or conclusions about recent work in the field.

Neuroscience. --- Perception --- Attentional control. --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physiological aspects. --- reward --- emotions --- EEG --- attentional networks --- trial history --- TMS --- predictions --- neuroimaging

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This updated second edition provides the state of the art perspective of the theory, practice and application of modern non-invasive imaging methods employed in exploring the structural and functional architecture of the normal and diseased human brain. Like the successful first edition, it is written by members of the Functional Imaging Laboratory - the Wellcome Trust funded London lab that has contributed much to the development of brain imaging methods and their application in the last decade. This book should excite and intrigue anyone interested in the new facts about the brain gained fro

Brain --- Brain Mapping. --- Cognition --- Diagnostic Imaging. --- Neuropsychology. --- Brain mapping. --- Cognition. --- Neuropsychologie --- Cartographie cérébrale --- Cerveau --- physiology. --- Imaging. --- Imagerie --- Neuropsychology. Brain mapping. Cognition. Brain--Imaging. --- Central Nervous System --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Investigative Techniques --- Models, Biological --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Models, Theoretical --- Diagnosis --- Nervous System --- Anatomy --- Brain Mapping --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Models, Neurological --- Mental Processes --- Cartographie cérébrale --- Brain mapping --- Neuropsychology --- Neurophysiology --- Psychophysiology --- Psychology --- Connectome mapping --- Mapping of the brain --- Topographic brain mapping --- Imaging --- Localization of functions