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Political systems --- Theory of the state --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- United States --- Democracy --- Liberalism --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional history - United States --- United States of America

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Social conflict --- Social groups --- Conflits sociaux --- Groupes, Dynamique des --- 316.35 --- Association --- Group dynamics --- Groups, Social --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social participation --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Sociale groepen. Sociologie van de groep --- Social conflict. --- Social groups. --- 316.35 Sociale groepen. Sociologie van de groep

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In a book that challenges the most widely held ideas of why individuals engage in collective conflict, Russell Hardin offers a timely, crucial explanation of group action in its most destructive forms. Contrary to those observers who attribute group violence to irrationality, primordial instinct, or complex psychology, Hardin uncovers a systematic exploitation of self-interest in the underpinnings of group identification and collective violence. Using examples from Mafia vendettas to ethnic violence in places such as Bosnia and Rwanda, he describes the social and economic circumstances that set this violence into motion. Hardin explains why hatred alone does not necessarily start wars but how leaders cultivate it to mobilize their people. He also reveals the thinking behind the preemptive strikes that contribute to much of the violence between groups, identifies the dangers of "particularist" communitarianism, and argues for government structures to prevent any ethnic or other group from having too much sway. Exploring conflict between groups such as Serbs and Croats, Hutu and Tutsi, Northern Irish Catholics and Protestants, Hardin vividly illustrates the danger that arises when individual and group interests merge. In these examples, groups of people have been governed by movements that managed to reflect their members' personal interests--mainly by striving for political and economic advances at the expense of other groups and by closing themselves off from society at large. The author concludes that we make a better and safer world if we design our social institutions to facilitate individual efforts to achieve personal goals than if we concentrate on the ethnic political makeup of our respective societies.

Social groups --- Social conflict --- 316.35 --- #SBIB:327.5H20 --- 316.45 --- Association --- Group dynamics --- Groups, Social --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social participation --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Sociale groepen. Sociologie van de groep --- Vredesonderzoek: algemeen --- Sociale groepen. Groepsprocessen. Kleine groepen. Interactionele groepsdynamiek --- 316.45 Sociale groepen. Groepsprocessen. Kleine groepen. Interactionele groepsdynamiek --- 316.35 Sociale groepen. Sociologie van de groep --- Social conflict. --- Social groups -- Decision making. --- Social groups. --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Change

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In simple action theory, when people choose between courses of action, they know what the outcome will be. When an individual is making a choice "against nature," such as switching on a light, that assumption may hold true. But in strategic interaction outcomes, indeterminacy is pervasive and often intractable. Whether one is choosing for oneself or making a choice about a policy matter, it is usually possible only to make a guess about the outcome, one based on anticipating what other actors will do. In this book Russell Hardin asserts, in his characteristically clear and uncompromising prose, "Indeterminacy in contexts of strategic interaction . . . Is an issue that is constantly swept under the rug because it is often disruptive to pristine social theory. But the theory is fake: the indeterminacy is real." In the course of the book, Hardin thus outlines the various ways in which theorists from Hobbes to Rawls have gone wrong in denying or ignoring indeterminacy, and suggests how social theories would be enhanced--and how certain problems could be resolved effectively or successfully--if they assumed from the beginning that indeterminacy was the normal state of affairs, not the exception. Representing a bold challenge to widely held theoretical assumptions and habits of thought, Indeterminacy and Society will be debated across a range of fields including politics, law, philosophy, economics, and business management.

Social interaction --- Choice (Psychology) --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Social interaction. --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Social psychology

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How do ordinary people come to know or believe what they do? We need an account of this process to help explain why people act as they do. You might think I am acting irrationally--against my interest or my purpose--until you realize that what you know and what I know differ significantly. My actions, given my knowledge, might make eminently good sense. Of course, this pushes our problem back one stage to assess why someone knows or believes what they do. That is the focus of this book. Russell Hardin supposes that people are not usually going to act knowingly against their interests or other purposes. To try to understand how they have come to their knowledge or beliefs is therefore to be charitable in assessing their rationality. Hardin insists on such a charitable stance in the effort to understand others and their sometimes objectively perverse actions. Hardin presents an essentially economic account of what an individual can come to know and then applies this account to many areas of ordinary life: political participation, religious beliefs, popular knowledge of science, liberalism, culture, extremism, moral beliefs, and institutional knowledge. All of these can be enlightened by the supposition that people are attempting reasonable actions under the severe constraints of acquiring better knowledge when they face demands that far outstretch their possibilities.

Prise de décision --- Sociologie de la connaissance --- Interaction sociale --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- Decision making. --- Social interaction. --- Knowledge, Theory of --- -Knowledge, Sociology of --- -Decision making --- -Social interaction --- -306.42 --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Knowledge, Theory of (Sociology) --- Sociology of knowledge --- Communication --- Public opinion --- Sociology --- Social epistemology --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Electronic information resources --- Decision making --- E-books --- Knowledge, Sociology of --- Social interaction --- Speculative Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- 16 --- 174 --- 658.334 --- 338.6 --- Logica. Dialectiek. --- Verband tussen de ethiek en de economie. Ethiek en bedrijf. --- Beroepsvorming en -oriëntatie. Menselijke investeringen. Menselijk kapitaal. --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling. --- Prise de décision. --- Sociologie de la connaissance. --- Interaction sociale. --- Théorie de la connaissance. --- Logica. Dialectiek --- Verband tussen de ethiek en de economie. Ethiek en bedrijf --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- Beroepsvorming en -oriëntatie. Menselijke investeringen. Menselijk kapitaal