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koormuziek --- liederen --- anno 1900-1999 --- England
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We revisit the classic problem of tax competition in the context of federal nations, and derive a positive theory of partial decentralization. A capital poor median voter wants to use capital taxes to provide public goods. This results in redistributive public good provision. As a consequence, when all public goods are provided by the central government, capital taxes and public good provision are high. The expectation of high capital taxes, however, results in a small capital stock which lowers returns to redistribution. The median voter would therefore like to commit to a lower level of capital taxes. Decentralization provides such a commitment: local governments avoid using capital taxes due to the pressure of tax competition. We therefore obtain that the median voter favors a partial degree of decentralization. The equilibrium degree of decentralization is non-monotonic in inequality, increasing in the redistributive efficiency of public good provision, and decreasing in capital productivity. When public goods are heterogeneous in their capacity to transfer funds, all voters agree that goods with high redistributive capacity should be decentralized.
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Art --- History --- art history --- Höfer, Candida --- Komar, Vitaly --- Jones, David --- Grooms, Red --- Zucker, Joe --- LeWitt, Sol --- Vercruysse, Jan --- Nice, Donald --- Allen, Terry --- McCoy, Ann --- Buren, Daniel --- Warhol, Andy --- Oldenburg, Claes --- Holt, Nancy --- Nonas, Richard --- Perejaume --- Rockenschaub, Gerwald --- Rousse, Georges --- Marca-Relli, Conrad --- Aguilar, Laura --- Akiyama, Masami --- Albertson, James --- Arlen, Nancy --- Auste --- Avedisian, Edward --- Baeder, John --- Bauermeister, Mary --- Baranik, Rudolf --- Belcher, Adam --- Bergtold, Susanna --- Haacke, Hans --- Bhavsar, Natvar --- Blachly, Jimbo --- Bramson, Phyllis --- Brauntuch, Troy --- Brown, James Andrew --- Butter, Tom --- Caroompas, Carole --- Carrillo, Eduardo --- Chase, Louisa --- Clark, Larry --- Collin-Thiébaut, Gérard --- Cooling, Janet --- Cointet, de, Guy --- de Paris, Regis --- Adams, Dennis --- Denby, Jillian --- DeSana, Jimmy --- Diamond, Martha --- Dikeou, Devon --- Drasler, Greg --- Drozdik, Orshi --- Duff, Dana --- Duff, John --- Dwyer, Nancy --- Erwitt, Elliott --- Falk, Gary --- Ferrara, Jackie --- Fischer, R.M. --- Flanagan, Bob --- Francisco, Richard --- Frank, Mary --- George, Herbert --- Bourgeois, Louise --- Gonzales-Torres, Felix --- Goodnough, Robert --- Gorchov, Ron --- Gordy, Robert --- Gurrie, Sylvia --- Hall, Susan --- Hassan, Jamelie --- Hatch, Tom --- Haring, Keith --- Hendon, Robert Chambless (Cham) --- Hilton, Joseph --- Hine, Lewis W. --- Hitch, Stewart --- Holty, Carl Robert --- Hsieh, Tehching --- Hull, John --- Hull, Richard --- Humphrey, Ralph --- Huttinger, Peter --- Jacquette, Yvonne --- Jeff --- Johnson, Guy --- Jones, Kim --- Kardon, Dennis --- Kleinbard, Alexa --- Knutson, Ann --- Komoski, Bill --- Kosolapov, Aleksander --- Kouakou, Koffi --- Spero, Nancy --- Laemmle, Cheryl --- Lamm, Leonid --- Lees, John --- Weiner, Lawrence --- Garouste, Gérard --- Lobe, Bob --- Lobello, Peter --- Lucero, Michael --- Matzko, Claudia --- Mendelsohn, John --- Milder, Jay --- Moffett, Donald --- Mogavero, Michael --- Moore, Claire --- Muller, Dolores --- Musters, Paulus --- Nakahashi, Kenji --- Newman, Laura --- Oji, Helen --- Parada, Esther --- Pardo, Manuel --- Plimack Mangold, Sylvia --- Provisor, Janis --- Rand, Archie --- Rankin, Aimée --- Reed, David --- Robbins, Bruce --- Rose, Robin --- Rose, Stephanie --- Rothenberg, Erika --- Rukhin, Yevgeny --- Santos, René --- Saret, Alan --- Schapiro, Miriam --- Schlessinger, Mark --- Shea, Judith --- Shields, Alan --- Sigler, Holly --- Silverman, Martin --- David, Michael --- Siskind, Aaron --- Spretnjak, Steve --- Staley, Earl --- Staller, Jan --- Stein, Louis --- Stevens, May --- Stikas, Marianne --- Stockley, Charles --- Stone, Sylvia --- Summers, Jamie --- Sunshine, Norman --- Torres Monsó, Francesco --- Tower, Cindy --- Boltanski, Christian --- Byars, James L. --- Vergara, Camilo José --- Way, Jeff --- Wiley, Gary --- Willenbecher, John --- Winogrand, Garry --- Woffard, Philip --- Steinbach, Haim --- Zapkus, Kesitus --- Chryssa --- Olitski, Jules --- Rauschenberg, Robert --- Sonnier, Keith --- Meyerowitz, Joel --- Acconci, Vito --- Ryman, Robert --- Holzer, Jenny --- Kelly, Mary --- Meireles, Cildo --- Judd, Donald --- Artschwager, Richard --- Close, Chuck --- Estes, Richard --- Lawler, Louise --- McCollum, Allan --- Nauman, Bruce --- Rivers, Larry --- Schnabel, Julian --- Sugimoto, Hiroshi --- Wiley, William --- Nevelson, Louise --- Montano, Linda --- Hamilton, Ann --- Steir, Pat --- Africano, Nicholas --- Baer, Josephine Gail --- Beauchamp, Robert --- Bloom, Barbara --- Burson, Nancy --- Colescott, Robert --- Dunning, Jeanne --- Katz, Alex --- Levine, Les --- Marclay, Christian --- Negro, Marylene --- Saunders, David --- Serrano, Andres --- Venet, Bernar --- Wodiczko, Krysztof --- Wojnarowicz, David --- Bell, Charles --- Therrien, Robert --- Winters, Robin --- Jenkins, Paul --- Kolář, Jiří --- Simpson, Lorna --- Bearden, Romare --- Rosen, Kay --- Copley, William --- Calder, Alexander --- Jensen, Alfred --- Matta-Clark, Gordon --- Applebroog, Ida --- New Museum of Contemporary Art [New York, N.Y.] --- Epoxy Art Group --- Act Up --- Gran Fury [New York, N.Y.] --- Group Material [New York, N.Y.] --- The X-Art Foundation --- anno 1970-1979 --- anno 1980-1989 --- anno 1990-1999 --- anno 1900-1999
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We revisit the classic problem of tax competition in the context of federal nations, and derive a positive theory of partial decentralization. A capital poor median voter wants to use capital taxes to provide public goods. This results in redistributive public good provision. As a consequence, when all public goods are provided by the central government, capital taxes and public good provision are high. The expectation of high capital taxes, however, results in a small capital stock which lowers returns to redistribution. The median voter would therefore like to commit to a lower level of capital taxes. Decentralization provides such a commitment: local governments avoid using capital taxes due to the pressure of tax competition. We therefore obtain that the median voter favors a partial degree of decentralization. The equilibrium degree of decentralization is non-monotonic in inequality, increasing in the redistributive efficiency of public good provision, and decreasing in capital productivity. When public goods are heterogeneous in their capacity to transfer funds, all voters agree that goods with high redistributive capacity should be decentralized.
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