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This book analyzes recent mega disasters and proposes engineering and social solutions for enhancing resilience of regions, cities, and infrastructures, which proposes new methods and policies for enhancing structural resilience for key urban infrastructure; includes examples of disaster damage as a result of earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods, and their structural counter measures; case studies cover specific mega disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, Super Typhoon Hyan, and the Bangkok flood. Natural disasters are complex phenomena which require engineers and policy makers to explore different ways of thinking regarding the resilience of their regions, cities, and infrastructures. This text provides a blueprint for engineers and policy makers to better prepare for all types of natural hazards at the planning and design stage.

Natural disasters --- Resilience (Ecology) --- Japan.

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Social costs. Social benefits --- Transport. Traffic --- Transportation --- -#SBIB:002.IO --- #SBIB:35H434 --- #SBIB:35H438 --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Environmental aspects --- Beleidssectoren: milieubeleid en ruimtelijke ordening --- Beleidssectoren: openbare werken, verkeer en telecommunicatie --- Economic aspects --- #SBIB:002.IO --- Environnement

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This book is an outcome of an international symposium: Sustainability –Can We Design the Future of Human Life and the Environment? which was held as a satellite event of the “Love the Earth”-Expo 2005 (Aichi, Japan). Each chapter is based on the lecture given by the following eminent researchers: Yoshinori Ishii, Hans-Peter Dürr, Yoshinori Yasuda, Minoru Kawada, Yasunobu Iwasaka, Werner Rothengatter, Hisae Nakanishi, Yang Dongyuan, Lee Schipper, Itsuo Kodama, and Yoshitsugu Hayashi. In the Part I titled “A Sustainable Relationship between Nature and Humans”, we discuss what will become of fossil fuels and petroleum, and what kind of indicators should be used to monitor the energy expended by human society. We then discuss environmental impacts caused by different civilizations and values on Nature and ethics, based on the perspective of environmental archaeology and on the discussions by Kunio Yanagita, the father of Japanese folklore study. The Part II is titled and shows “International Conflict Concerning Environmental Damage and Its Causes”. The Asian dust (Kosa) is a typical example of transboundary conflicts between nations. Another example can be found in the EU’s attempt to put in place a common motorway toll system across EU countries having different geographical and economic conditions. Finally, Part III covers the opinions and further debates on sustainable future earth based on the lectures in Parts I and II. We hope that great insights in this book will come across to readers, and be of help in steering the world towards a sustainable society in harmony with biosystems on earth.

Civil engineering. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- Ethics. --- Ecosystems. --- Civil Engineering. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Sustainable development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environmental aspects --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Regional development --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Landscape protection --- Engineering --- Public works --- Government policy --- Management

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Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Environmental planning --- Economic geography --- ruimtelijke ordening --- economie --- economische politiek --- sociale economie --- milieuzorg --- klimaatverandering

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While intercity passenger transport counts for about 2% of the total passenger transport volume the share of the total passenger kilometers traveled is estimated more than one third. In many countries the major part of intercity transport is performed by car and air and as a result, the contribution to the carbon footprint is substantially higher than the share of overall passenger transport performance. This creates a challenge to develop a sustainable organization of intercity transport which requires a true joint effort of policy makers, industry sectors and households. This presupposes that all options for reducing the carbon footprint of the transport modes – car, air and rail – are fully exploited through modern propulsion technology, use of regenerative energy and efficient organization of transport processes. Basic conditions for meeting this requirement are an incentive compatible public framework of regulation, taxation, charging and education, the private willingness to adjust to new behavioral patterns and a consequent push of technological progress towards energy and CO2 savings. This book begins with an international comparison of intercity transport and the current state of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of this transport segment. A focus is given to comparing the situation in the EU, the US and Japan while describing the more recent development of intercity transport in China, followed by an analysis of intercity transport policies and their contribution to meet the global climate change issues. This book will be of interest to researchers in transportation economics and policy, as well as civil engineering and planning.

Economics/Management Science. --- Economics/Management Science, general. --- Transportation. --- Climate Change Management and Policy. --- Civil Engineering. --- Economics. --- Civil engineering. --- Economie politique --- Génie civil --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Transportation --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Passenger traffic. --- Climatic factors. --- Passenger traffic --- Passenger transport --- Passenger transportation --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Climate change. --- Environmental economics. --- Environmental Economics. --- Pollution prevention --- Climatology --- Engineering --- Public works --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Global environmental change