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In Giving Kids a Fair Chance, James Heckman argues that the accident of birth is the greatest source of inequality in America today. Children born into disadvantage are, by the time they start kindergarten, already at risk of dropping out of school, teen pregnancy, crime, and a lifetime of low-wage work. This is bad for all those born into disadvantage and bad for American society. Current social and education policies directed toward children focus on improving cognition, yet success in life requires more than smarts. Heckman calls for a refocus of social policy toward early childhood interventions designed to enhance both cognitive abilities and such non-cognitive skills as confidence and perseverance. This new focus on preschool intervention would emphasize improving the early environments of disadvantaged children and increasing the quality of parenting while respecting the primacy of the family and America’s cultural diversity. Heckman shows that acting early has much greater positive economic and social impact than later interventions—which range from reduced pupil-teacher ratios to adult literacy programs to expenditures on police—that draw the most attention in the public policy debate. At a time when state and local budgets for early interventions are being cut, Heckman issues an urgent call for action and offers some practical steps for how to design and pay for new programs.

Children with social disabilities --- Educational equalization --- Education (Early childhood) --- United States --- Social policy. --- EDUCATION/General --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Political Science/Public Policy & Law --- Socially handicapped children --- Children with disabilities --- People with social disabilities --- Social policy --- #SBIB:314H270 --- #SBIB:314H284 --- Demografie en economische interrelaties: algemeen --- Demografie en sociale demografie --- Children with social disabilities - Education (Early childhood) - United States --- Educational equalization - United States --- United States - Social policy

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