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religieuze liederen --- koormuziek --- anno 1900-1999 --- Flanders

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633 --- Vocale didactiek - Lagere school --- Muzische vorming --- Lager onderwijs --- 3e leerjaar lager onderwijs --- 4e leerjaar lager onderwijs --- Liederen --- Muzikale opvoeding --- 642 --- Leerplichtonderwijs - Basisonderwijs: Muzische vorming --- Lied

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Gardens cover a relatively large area in Flanders and Brussels, Belgium. They are in strong association with the urban landscape. Because of this, they provide many ecosystem services: the cleansing of the air, reducing floods, contribute to the biodiversity and to a more stable urban climate. Front gardens have rarely been investigated, especially now when there are several reports of increasing imperviousness in urban domestic gardens. These impervious surfaces have become an important indicator of loss of ecosystem services. A general front garden investigation was maid along with a survey. After, a GIS- and a statistical analysis was performed. According to the GIS-analysis, front gardens in Flanders and Brussels are for 43% impervious. Lesser urban areas have more total impervious surfaces in front gardens than more urban areas. Though for relative pavement per front garden, no distinction could be made between the study areas. By calculating the correlation coefficients between the variables of the fieldwork, a significant positive correlation was found between front garden size and the total front garden pavement as with the grade of detached housing. Therefore, evidence was found for a potential urban cause regarding to the differential pavement in front gardens. The survey pointed out that people pave primarily in their front gardens for their car. Front garden's vegetation differed especially by the vegetation type 'lawn'. About 73% of the observed plant species were identified as exotic. To conclude, front gardens in Flanders and Brussels are strongly impervious, the source would probably be the geography of these front gardens. It determines in a certain way the socio-economic factors as a car, which also provides a lot of evidence of being a cause itself for additional pavement. Though, we can argue about the general use of front gardens because of the large amount of exotic species in it.