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Negative stereotypes of African Americans have long been disseminated through the visual arts. This original and incisive study examines how black writers use visual tropes as literary devices to challenge readers' conceptions of black identity. Lena Hill charts two hundred years of African American literary history, from Phillis Wheatley to Ralph Ellison, and engages with a variety of canonical and lesser-known writers. Chapters interweave literary history, museum culture, and visual analysis of numerous illustrations with close readings of Booker T. Washington, Gwendolyn Bennett, Zora Neale Hurston, Melvin Tolson, and others. Together, these sections register the degree to which African American writers rely on vision - its modes, consequences, and insights - to demonstrate black intellectual and cultural sophistication. Hill's provocative study will interest scholars and students of African American literature and American literature more broadly.

African Americans in art --- African Americans in literature --- Afro-Americains dans l'art --- Afro-Americans in literature --- Afro-Amerikanen in de kunst --- Afro-Amerikanen in de literatuur --- Afro-Américains dans la littérature --- Amerikaanse zwarten in de literatuur --- Black Americans in literature --- Harlem Renaissance --- Negroes in literature --- Noirs américains dans la littérature --- Zwarte Amerikanen in de literatuur --- African Americans --- American literature --- Blacks --- Black identity --- Blackness (Race identity) --- Negritude --- Race identity of blacks --- Racial identity of blacks --- Ethnicity --- Race awareness --- English literature --- Agrarians (Group of writers) --- African American intellectuals --- Afro-Americans in art --- Negroes in art --- Intellectual life --- African American authors&delete& --- History and criticism --- Race identity --- African American authors --- Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt --- Criticism and interpretation --- Washington, Booker Taliaferro --- Hurston, Zora Neale --- Tolson, Melvin Beaunorus --- Ellison, Ralph Waldo --- African Americans in literature. --- African Americans in art. --- History and criticism. --- Race identity. --- Intellectual life. --- Race identity of Black people --- Racial identity of Black people --- Black persons --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Black people

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"Between the 1930s and 1960s, the University of Iowa sought to assert its modernity, cosmopolitanism, and progressivism through an increased emphasis on the fine and performing arts and athletics. This enhancement coincided with a period when an increasing number of African American students arrived at the university, from both within and outside of the state, seeking to take advantage of its relatively liberal racial relations and rising artistic prestige. The presence of accomplished African American students performing in musical concerts, participating in visual art exhibitions, acting on stage, publishing literature, and competing on sports fields forced white students, instructors, and administrators to confront their undeniable intellect and talent. Unlike the work completed in traditional academic units, these students' contributions to the university community were highly visible and burst beyond the walls of their individual units and primary spheres of experience to reach a much larger audience on campus and in the city and nation beyond the university's boundaries. By examining the quieter collisions between Iowa's polite midwestern progressivism and African American students' determined ambition, Invisible Hawkeyes focuses attention on both local stories and their national implications. By looking at the University of Iowa and a smaller midwestern college town like Iowa City, this collection reveals how fraught moments of interracial collaboration, meritocratic advancement, and institutional insensitivity deepen our understanding of America's painful conversion into a diverse republic committed to racial equality. SUBJECTS COVERED Edison Holmes Anderson, George Overall Caldwell, Elizabeth Catlett, Fanny Ellison, Oscar Anderson Fuller, Michael Harper, James Alan McPherson, Herbert Franklin Mells, Herbert Nipson, Thomas Pawley, William Oscar Smith, Mitchell Southall, Margaret Walker CONTRIBUTORS Dora Martin Berry, Richard M. Breaux, Kathleen A. Edwards, Lois Eichaker, Brian Hallstoos, Lena M. Hill, Michael D. Hill, Dianna Penny, Donald W. Tucker, Ted Wheeler"--

EDUCATION / Higher. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / African American Studies. --- Civil rights movements --- African Americans --- African American college students --- History --- Civil rights --- University of Iowa --- Students --- Afro-American college students --- College students, African American --- College students, Negro --- College students --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Black people --- Civil liberation movements --- Liberation movements (Civil rights) --- Protest movements (Civil rights) --- Human rights movements --- Iowa. --- Ai-ho-hua ta hsüeh --- Universidad de Iowa --- State University of Iowa