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The use of matching contributions to enhance the participation and level of savings in pensions system has now been in use for nearly three decades in a number of high income countries. Increasingly, countries across the full range of economic development are looking to the design as a means of addressing the low rates of participation in formal pension and other retirement savings systems. A number of countries have recently introduced innovations in their pension systems that significantly rely on contributions matches and related types of direct subsidies to provide incentives for groups that mandates and other indirect methods such as preferential tax treatment have been unsuccessful in reaching. There is particular interest among developing countries in utilizing this design to extend coverage to informal sector and low income workers that typically do not pay income related taxes. This volume provides descriptions and analysis of the design, experience and outcomes achieved in the high income countries where there information about the dynamics and outcomes that this approach has achieved is not beginning to emerge. It also reviews new efforts to use the design in a number of other settings in which the matching contributions have been included as a significant element in reform of the pension system. The review of the experience with matching contribution across this full range of settings provides important observations and some initial lessons for policy makers and analysts who may be considering or evaluating the use of this approach to increase pension coverage.

Pensions --- Defined contribution pension plans --- Government policy. --- Finance. --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Contribution pension plans, Defined --- Defined contribution plans --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Employee fringe benefits

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Age group sociology --- Social security law --- Aging --- Income maintenance programs --- Old age pensions --- Social security --- 331.252 --- 339.21 --- 368.43 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Employees --- OASI (Old age and survivors insurance) --- Old age and survivors insurance --- Older people --- Retirement pensions --- Survivors' benefits (Old age pensions) --- Pensions --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Gerontology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income transfer programs --- Public welfare --- Transfer payments --- Basic income --- Family allowances --- Economic aspects&delete& --- Government policy --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Physiological effect --- Income maintenance programs. --- Social security. --- Government policy. --- Economic aspects

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This paper provides a review of the design and experience of risk-based pension fund supervision in several countries that have been leaders in the development of these methods. The utilization of risk-based methods originates primarily in the supervision of banks. In recent years it has increasingly been extended to other types of financial intermediaries including pension funds and insurers. The trend toward risk-based supervision of pensions is closely associated with movement toward the integration of pension supervision with that of banking and other financial services into a single national authority. Although similar in concept to the techniques developed in banking, the application to pension funds has required modifications, particularly for defined contribution funds that transfer investment risk to fund members. The countries examined provide a range of experiences that illustrate both the diversity of pension systems and approaches to risk-based supervision, but also a commonality of the focus on sound risk management and effective supervisory outcomes. The paper provides a description of pension supervision in Australia, Denmark, Mexico and the Netherlands, and an initial evaluation of the results achieved in relation to the underlying objectives.

Banks and Banking Reform --- Debt Markets --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Systems --- Insurance and Risk Mitigation --- International Bank --- Investment risk --- Labor Policies --- Pension --- Pension fund --- Pension Funds --- Pension systems --- Pensions --- Private Sector Development --- Risk management --- Social Protections and Labor --- Supervision of banks

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Risk-Based Supervision of Pension Funds provides a review of the design and experience of risk-based pension fund supervision in countries that have been leaders in the development of these methods. The utilization of risk-based methods originates primarily in the supervision of banks. In recent years it has increasingly been extended to other types of financial intermediaries, including pension funds and insurers. The trend toward risk-based supervision of pensions reflects an increasing focus on risk management in both banking and insurance based on three key elements: capital requirements,

Money market. Capital market --- Denmark --- Netherlands --- Mexico --- Australia --- Pension trusts. --- Pension trusts --- Risk --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Management --- Risk. --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Pension plans --- Economics --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships --- Trusts and trustees