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This book examines the grass-roots relationship between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the civilian population during the Irish Revolution. It is primarily concerned with the attempts of the militant revolutionaries to discourage, stifle, and punish dissent among the local populations in which they operated, and the actions or inactions by which dissent was expressed or implied.Focusing on the period of guerilla war against British rule from c. 1917 to 1922, it uncovers the acts of 'everyday' violence, threat, and harm that characterized much of the revolutionary activity of this period. Moving away from the ambushes and assassinations that have dominated much of the discourse on the revolution, the book explores low-level violent and non-violent agitation in the Irish town or parish. The opening chapter treats the IRA's challenge to the British state through the campaign against servants of the Crown - policemen, magistrates, civil servants, and others - and IRA participation in local government and the republican counter-state. The book then explores the nature of civilian defiance and IRA punishment in communities across the island before turning its attention specifically to the year that followed the 'Truce' of July 1921.This study argues that civilians rarely operated at either extreme of a spectrum of support but, rather, in a large and fluid middle ground. Behaviour was rooted in local circumstances, and influenced by local fears, suspicions, and rivalries. IRA punishment was similarly dictated by community conditions and usually suited to the nature of the perceived defiance. Overall, violence and intimidation in Ireland was persistent, but, by some contemporary standards, relatively restrained.

Violence. --- Intimidation. --- Violence --- Intimidation --- History --- Irish Republican Army --- Irish Republican Army. --- History. --- 1900-1999 --- Irland --- Ireland. --- Fear --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Threat (Psychology) --- Harassment --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Armata repubblicana irlandese --- Armée républicaine irlandaise --- I.R.A. --- IRA --- Official IRA --- Oglaig na h-Éireann --- Republican Army --- Armata Repubblicana Irlandese --- Armée Républicaine Irlandaise --- Oglaig na h-Eireann --- Irisch-Republikanische Armee --- Nordirland --- 1919 --- -Irish Volunteers --- Provisional IRA --- Airlann --- Airurando --- Éire --- Irish Republic --- Irlanda --- Irlande --- Irlanti --- Írország --- Poblacht na hÉireann --- Republic of Ireland --- Staat Irland --- Poblacht na h'Eireann --- Republik Irland --- Saorstát Éireann --- Irish Free State --- Ireland --- Eire --- Insel --- Iren --- -Armata repubblicana irlandese --- Irish Volunteers --- Éire --- Saorstát Éireann --- アイルランド --- -History. --- Belfast --- Boycott --- Catholic Church --- Dáil Éireann --- Impact Wrestling --- Protestantism --- Royal Irish Constabulary --- ireland

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‘In this excellent and clearly written volume, Hughes has illustrated the integral connection between political decisions and psychological well-being and as such this book is in the vanguard of the area.’ — Esther Greenglass, York University, Toronto, Canada ‘Hughes’s timely, insightful and brave analysis of the psychology of the politics of Brexit is a lesson for all.’ — Krys Kaniasty, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA, and Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland ‘A depth of psychological analysis of Brexit has up to now been in short supply. Brian Hughes fills this gap with a penetrating analysis of the impact on citizens and communities, written with energy and style. One that I think will earn an enduring place on the Brexit bookshelf.’ — Nicola Gale, City, University of London and former President of the British Psychological Society, UK ‘Hughes’s accessible and absorbing style makes this a must-read for anyone interested in human behaviour and decision-making.’ — Michael Smith, Northumbria University, UK The Psychology of Brexit examines the psychological causes, catalysts, and consequences of Brexit. Unlike most cultural upheavals, Brexit is not the result of accidental tragedy or spontaneous economic turmoil. Rather, it exists because people decided to make it exist. It is a product of human psychology – shaped in critical ways by people’s perceptions, preferences, choices, self-images, attitudes, ideas, assumptions, group relations, and reasoned (or ill-reasoned) conclusions. This book discusses how reasoning biases and illusions of control propel – and pollute – the perspectives of both Leavers and Remainers. It shows how social stereotypes and motivated irrationality help otherwise groundless beliefs thrive in everyday culture, leading to group polarisation and echo-chamber reasoning. It reveals the way cultural biases like sexism influence how Brexit politicians are portrayed and perceived. And it explores the psychological impact of Brexit – its effect on social attitudes, future thinking, and collective and individual mental health. In this compelling new book, psychologist Brian Hughes examines what scientific psychology reveals about the dynamics of Brexit, what Brexit teaches us about ourselves, and what we can do to deal with its short-term impact and long-term fallout. Brian M. Hughes is Professor of Psychology at the National University of Ireland, Galway. He is former President of the Psychological Society of Ireland (2004-2005), and a prominent advocate for scientific psychology, evidence-based policy, and the role of psychology in society.

Psychology. --- Consciousness. --- Great Britain-Politics and gover. --- Psychotherapy. --- Popular Science in Psychology. --- Personality and Social Psychology. --- British Politics. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Psychagogy --- Therapy (Psychotherapy) --- Mental illness --- Clinical sociology --- Mental health counseling --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Soul --- Mental health --- Treatment --- European Union --- E.U. --- Personality. --- Social psychology. --- Great Britain—Politics and government. --- Psychotherapy   . --- Cognitive psychology. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Social institutions --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Social groups --- Personal identity --- Personality psychology --- Personality theory --- Personality traits --- Personology --- Traits, Personality --- Individuality --- Persons --- Temperament --- Equality.

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This volume addresses the problem of small, irregular, and unconventional war across time and around the globe. The use of non-uniformed and often civilian combatants, with tactics eschewing pitched battles, is the most common form of warfare throughout history and comes in many forms. The collection works back in time beginning with the ‘Long War’ in present day Afghanistan and concluding with warfare in classical Greece. Along the way it engages with conflicts as diverse as the American Civil War and regional rebellion in Tudor England. Each case study provides unique insights into the practices, experiences, and discourses that have shaped this ubiquitous type of conflict. Readers interested in rebellion and repression, cultural and tactical interpretations of conflict, civilian strategies in wartime, the supposed ‘western way of war’, and the ways in which participants have framed and related their actions across a variety of spheres will find much of interest in these pages.

Social problems --- Criminology. Victimology --- World history --- Ancient history --- History --- wereldgeschiedenis --- geschiedenis --- literatuur --- maatschappij --- criminologie --- criminaliteit --- oudheid --- Antiquity

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Economics --- -Finance --- -Commerce --- -Economics --- -English language --- -Spanish language --- -463.21 --- 330.03 --- Aa5.1 --- Castilian language --- Romance languages --- Germanic languages --- Trade --- Business --- Transportation --- Funding --- Funds --- Currency question --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Spanish --- English --- Commerce --- English language --- Finance --- Spanish language --- Traffic (Commerce) --- Merchants