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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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This edition of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regional economic update shows that recovery in the region is below historical trends. Its economic prospects depend on global developments and continued strengths in emerging-market demand and oil price trends. Growth in the region is expected to average 4% in 2010, an increase of slightly less than 2 percentage points (pp) over growth in 2009 and weak compared to increases of 5.6pp in advanced economies and 4.5pp in developing nations. Only by 2011 and 2012 is MENA s growth expected to return to the average rates achieved prior to the economic and financial crisis. Recovery has been driven by the global economic rebound and, to varying degrees, by domestic stimulus. Industrial production, which in MENA is dominated by oil, has nearly reached its pre-crisis peak, largely due to the strong recovery in emerging markets, especially Asia. However, the upturn has weakened in recent months because the global slowdown has arrived sooner and is occurring faster than previously anticipated, and there are serious concerns about the sustainability of the global recovery. In response, MENA governments have continued to stimulate their economies in 2010, and even those that did not use any type of fiscal stimulus in 2009 have started implementing fiscal measures in 2010. The economic recovery in MENA has been much less vigorous than the recovery in countries that suffered sharp output contractions. The sustainability of the recovery in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies depends on developments in the rest of the world, and on the extent to which they affect oil markets. The outlook for the global economy and oil markets in the second half of 2010 remains uncertain, and a decline in oil prices cannot be ruled out.

Accounting --- Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies --- Capital Flows --- Central Banks --- Commodity Prices --- Debt --- Debt Restructuring --- Developing Countries --- Economic Forecasting --- Economic Growth --- Employment and Unemployment --- Equity Markets --- Expenditures --- Exporters --- Financial Crisis --- Financial Institutions --- Fiscal Policy --- Free Trade Agreements --- Global Economy --- Income Tax --- Inflation --- Insurance --- Interest Rates --- Investment Climate --- Islamic Finance --- Labor Markets --- Letters of Credit --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Mortgages --- Price Volatility --- Private Investment --- Public Spending --- Recession --- Regulatory Reform --- Remittances --- Risk Aversion --- Securities --- Social Protections and Labor --- Tax Exemptions --- Telecommunications --- Trade Liberalization --- Uncertainty

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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"Many countries use duty drawbacks on exports, yet they have been given little attention in the literature and there is no consensus whether countries should embrace or abandon them. Ianchovichina asserts that the answer depends on a country's development priorities and economic conditions. An increase in the drawback has a positive impact on export competitiveness and employment, but could lead to exports with low domestic value added. The welfare effects of duty drawback reform are ambiguous. An increase in the drawback is more likely to be welfare improving if the economy is small with high input tariffs, low initial drawback, low administrative costs, and leakages in the tariff collection system. In China duty drawback removal after meeting WTO commitments will deepen domestic supply chains and improve welfare, but will hurt China's economic efficiency, export competitiveness, and real factor incomes. Further liberalization could mitigate these negative effects. This paper--a product of the Economic Policy Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to study growth and competitiveness"--World Bank web site.

Competition --- Competition. --- Drawbacks --- Drawbacks. --- Exports --- Exports.