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John Buridan (ca. 1300-1362) worked out perhaps the most comprehensive account of nominalism, the philosophical doctrine according to which the only universals in reality are "names": the common terms of our language and the common concepts of our minds. But these items are universal only in their signification ; they are singular entities like any other in reality. This book examines Buridan's nominalist account of the relationship among language, thought, and reality, focusing on his deployment of the Ockhamist conception of a "mental language" for mapping the complex structures of written and spoken human languages onto a parsimoniously construed reality. Klima carefully analyzes Buridan's conception of the radical conventionality of written and spoken languages, in contrast to the natural semantic features of concepts, paying special attention to Buridan's token-based semantics of terms and propositions, and his conception of existential import, ontological commitment, truth, and logical validity. The book's conclusion discusses how Buridan maintains his nominalist position without giving up Aristotelian essentialism or yielding to skepticism.

Buridan, John --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Buridan, Jean, --- Buridan, Jean, - 1300-1358.

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This volume features essays that explore the insights of the 14th-century Parisian nominalist philosopher, John Buridan. It serves as a companion to the Latin text edition and annotated English translation of his question-commentary on Aristotle’s On the Soul. The contributors survey Buridan’s work both in its own historical-theoretical context and in relation to contemporary issues. The essays come in three main sections, which correspond to the three books of Buridan’s Questions. Coverage first deals with the classification of the science of the soul within the system of Aristotelian sciences, and surveys the main issues within it. The next section examines the metaphysics of the soul. It considers Buridan’s peculiar version of Aristotelian hylomorphism in dealing with the problem of what kind of entity the soul (in particular, the human soul) is, and what powers and actions it has, on the basis of which we can approach the question of its essence. The volume concludes with a look at Buridan’s doctrine of the nature and functions of the human intellect. Coverage in this section includes the problem of self-knowledge in Buridan’s theory, Buridan’s answer to the traditional medieval problem concerning the primary object of the intellect, and his unique treatment of logical problems in psychological contexts.

Philosophy. --- History. --- Medieval philosophy. --- Philosophy of mind. --- Cognitive psychology. --- Psychology. --- Medieval Philosophy. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Mind. --- History of Psychology. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Philosophy, medieval. --- Consciousness. --- Psychology --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Philosophy --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Spirit --- Self --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Behavioral sciences --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Soul --- Mental health --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Science --- Social sciences

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This volume features essays that explore the insights of the 14th-century Parisian nominalist philosopher, John Buridan. It serves as a companion to the Latin text edition and annotated English translation of his question-commentary on Aristotle’s On the Soul. The contributors survey Buridan’s work both in its own historical-theoretical context and in relation to contemporary issues. The essays come in three main sections, which correspond to the three books of Buridan’s Questions. Coverage first deals with the classification of the science of the soul within the system of Aristotelian sciences, and surveys the main issues within it. The next section examines the metaphysics of the soul. It considers Buridan’s peculiar version of Aristotelian hylomorphism in dealing with the problem of what kind of entity the soul (in particular, the human soul) is, and what powers and actions it has, on the basis of which we can approach the question of its essence. The volume concludes with a look at Buridan’s doctrine of the nature and functions of the human intellect. Coverage in this section includes the problem of self-knowledge in Buridan’s theory, Buridan’s answer to the traditional medieval problem concerning the primary object of the intellect, and his unique treatment of logical problems in psychological contexts.

Philosophy --- Cognitive psychology --- Psychology --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- History --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- psychologie --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- cognitieve psychologie --- bewustzijn --- persoonlijkheidsleer --- middeleeuwen

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It is commonly supposed that certain elements of medieval philosophy are uncharacteristically preserved in modern philosophical thought through the idea that mental phenomena are distinguished from physical phenomena by their intentionality, their intrinsic directedness toward some object. The many exceptions to this presumption, however, threaten its viability. This volume explores the intricacies and varieties of the conceptual relationships medieval thinkers developed among intentionality, cognition, and mental representation. Ranging from Aquinas, Scotus, Ockham, and Buridan through less-familiar writers, the collection sheds new light on the various strands that run between medieval and modern thought and bring us to a number of fundamental questions in the philosophy of mind as it is conceived today.

Philosophy, Medieval. --- Intentionality (Philosophy) --- Cognition. --- Representation (Philosophy)

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