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"Give me the salt" and "Please pass the salt" make the same request, but in a polite situation the first utterance may give offense, while the second may not. How and why such differences in wording and intonation, in a particular context, produce different effects is the concern of pragmatics, the area of linguistics that deals with how speech is used in interaction. In this innovative study of pragmatics in Brazilian Portuguese, Dale Koike analyzes the politeness phenomenon, specifically in the context of speech acts known as "directives." As acts intended to get someone to do something, directives bring into play a variety of sociocultural factors, depending on the relationship between the participants. Using empirical data obtained through natural language observation and from questionnaires of over one hundred adult native speakers, Koike identifies factors—such as age, education, and gender—that influence the strategies of politeness a given speaker is likely to use in making a directive. This research clarifies the unwritten language rules and assumptions that native speakers intuitively follow in phrasing their directive utterances. Koike also includes important material on the acquisition of strategies for politeness by children and adult second-language learners, as well as on gender differences in politeness forms. Her research proposes important additions to the theory of speech acts as conceived by Austin and Searle, particularly in the application of deictic organization to account for a hierarchy of pragmatic forms. Language and Social Relationship in Brazilian Portuguese will be of interest to a wide audience in diverse fields, including linguistics, anthropology, interaction analysis, communications, semantics, sociology, psychology, and education.

Portuguese language --- Pragmatics. --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Social interaction --- Deixis. --- Honorific. --- Imperative. --- Address, Forms of.

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Dialogue analysis. --- Interdisciplinary approach in education. --- Spanish language --- Discourse analysis. --- Dialogue analysis --- Interdisciplinary approach in education --- Integrated curriculum --- Interdisciplinarity in education --- Interdisciplinary studies --- Curriculum planning --- Holistic education --- Analysis of dialogue --- DA (Interpersonal communication) --- Interpersonal communication --- Oral communication --- Discourse analysis

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The Community of Practice (CofP; Wenger 1998) model of social learning has recently been a preferred lense for investigating professional practice in education. This chapter focuses on the experiences and resultant beliefs and practices of a group of teachers from a range of backgrounds (local, national, international) engaged in a highly diverse community of practice. Data were collected through a mixed focus group, interviews and written responses at a university in Southern China, where local, regional, mainland, autonomous territory and overseas Chinese, as well as native, non-native, seco

Multilingualism --- Intercultural communication --- Discourse analysis --- Neighborhoods --- Neighborhood --- Neighbourhoods --- Communities --- Cross-cultural communication --- Communication --- Culture --- Cross-cultural orientation --- Cultural competence --- Multilingual communication --- Technical assistance --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language and languages --- Social aspects. --- Anthropological aspects --- Multilingualism Social aspects --- Social aspects

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"The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Pragmatics is the first volume to offer a comprehensive overview of advances in Spanish Pragmatics, addressing different types of interaction and the variables, both social and linguistic, that can affect them. Written by a diverse set of experts in the field, the handbook unifies two major approaches to the study of pragmatics, the Anglo-American and European Continental traditions. This is an ideal reference for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, and researchers of Spanish Language and Linguistics" --

Pragmatics --- Spanish language --- Spanish language, Social aspects. --- Spanish language, Social aspects