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More than seven decades of Kashmir dispute brought numerous plans, formulas, and resolution initiatives proposed and negotiated both multilaterally and bilaterally. The urge to resolve the conflict constructively is repeatedly underscored by decision-makers in India and Pakistan and, occasionally, by global leaders and organizations, but they remained unfulfilled declarations. Since the first Kashmir war in the aftermath of the partition of the subcontinent, the agenda for resolution (in accordance with their respective goals and objectives) was accompanied by mutual Indo-Pakistani accusations of bad intentions, dishonesty and unwillingness to genuinely engage in peace building initiatives. Conspicuously, both Indian and Pakistani establishments intentional exacerbate bilateral tensions with disregard for common interests of Indians, Pakistanis and the residents of Kashmir. This chapter presents certain noteworthy resolution attempts and plans put forward by international actors as well as Indian, Pakistani and Kashmiri stakeholders, non-governmental organisations, civil society, political and human rights activists, etc.
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"The presupposition that Muslim-majority regions of India had to be incorporated into the newly established Muslim state in 1947, constituted key point Pakistan's international narrative, and incessantly cast a shadow on its official discourse. The two-nation theory, used by the proponents of Pakistan's inception as a nation building political concept, artificially projected the Indian Muslims as a monolithic group, irrespective of their origin, social belonging, historical heritage, etc. This ideologically rooted discourse heralded future tensions within Pakistan and provided framework for Pakistan's persistent pretension of acting as defender of Kashmiri Muslims rights. Pakistan's stance on Kashmir, is unalterably based on key twelve components, which exemplify the India-centric components of its geostrategic objectives. In the aftermath of Bangladesh inception, Pakistani policymakers reinforced their determination to maintain and justify the ideological relevance of the two-nation theory and to combine it with security-dilemma vis-à-vis India. The chapter investigates the campaigns of authoritarianism and Islamization, fundamentally transforming Pakistan, which were introduced primarily by General Zia ul-Haq's military regime, their impact on Pakistan's socio-political transformations and its stance on Kashmir.".
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More than seven decades of Kashmir dispute brought numerous plans, formulas, and resolution initiatives proposed and negotiated both multilaterally and bilaterally. The urge to resolve the conflict constructively is repeatedly underscored by decision-makers in India and Pakistan and, occasionally, by global leaders and organizations, but they remained unfulfilled declarations. Since the first Kashmir war in the aftermath of the partition of the subcontinent, the agenda for resolution (in accordance with their respective goals and objectives) was accompanied by mutual Indo-Pakistani accusations of bad intentions, dishonesty and unwillingness to genuinely engage in peace building initiatives. Conspicuously, both Indian and Pakistani establishments intentional exacerbate bilateral tensions with disregard for common interests of Indians, Pakistanis and the residents of Kashmir. This chapter presents certain noteworthy resolution attempts and plans put forward by international actors as well as Indian, Pakistani and Kashmiri stakeholders, non-governmental organisations, civil society, political and human rights activists, etc.
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This book examines the complex political structures of Pakistan and India that determine both the Kashmir conflict and the geostrategic environment underpinning it. Providing comprehensive knowledge on both historical and contemporary dynamics of Indo-Pakistani policies and relations, this book combines a brief history of the Kashmir conflict with thorough politological analysis. Analyses range from strategic dynamics in the aftermath of bifurcation of Indian-administered Kashmir, to ideologically motivated and state-led narratives, security dilemmas, regional and geopolitical dynamics. The book ultimately aims to investigates which policies India and Pakistan develop vis--vis the territories of former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (PSJ & K) in a balanced and impartial manner. While placing the subject against the backdrop of Pakistan's and India's domestic and international policies, this book emphasises why Kashmir is so important to both countries and how it is manifested in their policies. Kashmir in India and Pakistan policies will appeal to students and scholars of peace and conflict studies, international relations, political science, and South Asian studies.
Human rights --- Human rights --- India --- Pakistan --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations
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This book provides analysis of the legal status of territories of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir, considering potential opportunities for Kashmir conflict resolution. Containing a detailed survey of relevant legislation and international documents, chapters throughout this book investigate the attempts and failures of Kashmir conflict resolution, holding up factors which could enable more peaceful relations between India and Pakistan with inclusion of the inhabitants of the erstwhile Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir. The book goes further than outlining how India and Pakistan determine legal status of their portions of Kashmir by demonstrating the complexity of legal arrangements and why this protracted conflict is so difficult to resolve. As the Kashmir conflict is not only about territory and irredentism, themes such as cultural and national identity, power procurement, territorial security, communal rivalry, religious radicalisation, economic factors, and social issues are all taken into consideration. Law and Conflict Resolution in Kashmir will appeal to students and scholars of peace and conflict studies, international relations, international law studies, and South Asian studies.
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