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Farm tenancy --- -Feudalism --- -Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Feudal tenure --- Civilization, Medieval --- Land tenure --- Land use --- Land use, Rural --- Chivalry --- Estates (Social orders) --- Leases, Usufructuary --- Tenant farming --- Usufructuary leases --- Agricultural contracts --- Landlord and tenant --- Tenant farmers --- Economic aspects --- -History --- -Law and legislation --- Peasants --- Feudalism --- History --- -Economic aspects --- -Farm tenancy --- Peasantry --- Law and legislation

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This book provides the first global analysis of the relationship between trade and civilisation from the beginning of civilisation 3000 BC until the modern era 1600 AD. Encompassing the various networks including the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean trade, Near Eastern family traders of the Bronze Age, and the Medieval Hanseatic League, it examines the role of the individual merchant, the products of trade, the role of the state, and the technical conditions for land and sea transport that created diverging systems of trade and in the development of global trade networks. Trade networks, however, were not durable. The book focuses on the establishment and decline of great trading network systems, and how they related to the expansion of civilisation, and to different forms of social and economic exploitation. Case studies focus on local conditions as well as global networks until the sixteenth century when the whole globe was connected by trade.

Commerce --- Civilization --- Cultural history --- History --- History.

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This up-to-date discussion takes as its starting point the challenge to the traditional notion of feudalism in the twenty-five years since the publication of Jean-Pierre Poly and Eric Bournazel’s work on the ‘mutation féodale’ and Susan Reynolds’s attack on the very idea of a feudal society in the Middle Ages. While these challenges have presented a new picture of Western Europe in the so-called feudal age, one more focused than the traditional model of feudalism was, no new scholarly consensus has yet emerged.The volume has two objectives. Firstly, it discusses the present state of research, bringing together leading representatives of the various interpretations of feudalism. It examines the character of medieval society, including questions of landholding, government, and the relationship between king and aristocracy. Secondly, it provides a new geographic perspective on the subject by considering countries little discussed from a feudal perspective. In addition to discussing countries that have been prominent in previous studies of feudalism such as England and France, the book also includes contributions on Germany, Spain, Scandinavia, Hungary, and Romania, thus supplying a truly European perspective and a comparative view of social structure in different regions of Europe.

History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Feudalism --- Power (Social sciences) --- Estates (Social orders) --- History --- Europe --- 321.17 --- 940.1 --- 940.1 Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- 321.17 Clientelisme. Feodalisme. Vazallen. Viri devoti --(politieke stelsels) --- Clientelisme. Feodalisme. Vazallen. Viri devoti --(politieke stelsels) --- Féodalité --- Pouvoir (Sciences sociales) --- Etats (Couches sociales) --- Histoire --- Empowerment (Social sciences) --- Political power --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Sociology --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Commons (Social order) --- Germany --- To 1500 --- 476-1492 --- Feudalism - Europe --- Power (Social sciences) - Europe - History - To 1500 --- Estates (Social orders) - Europe - History - To 1500 --- Europe - History - 476-1492 --- Féodalité --- Pouvoir (sciences sociales) --- Ordres (structure sociale) --- Jusqu'à 1500