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African Americans --- African diaspora --- Africans --- Group identity --- Slavery --- Slaves --- Race identity --- Ethnic identity --- History --- Social aspects --- Psychological aspects --- Social conditions --- America --- Congresses

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History of Africa --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Sudan --- Salt industry and trade --- History. --- History

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This history of African slavery from the fifteenth to the early twentieth centuries examines how indigenous African slavery developed within an international context. Paul E. Lovejoy discusses the medieval Islamic slave trade and the Atlantic trade as well as the enslavement process and the marketing of slaves. He considers the impact of European abolition and assesses slavery's role in African history. The book corrects the accepted interpretation that African slavery was mild and resulted in the slaves' assimilation. Instead, slaves were used extensively in production, although the exploitation methods and the relationships to world markets differed from those in the Americas. Nevertheless, slavery in Africa, like slavery in the Americas, developed from its position on the periphery of capitalist Europe. This new edition revises all statistical material on the slave trade demography and incorporates recent research and an updated bibliography.

Slavery --- Slave trade --- History. --- Arts and Humanities --- History

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In Jihād in West Africa during the Age of Revolutions, a preeminent historian of Africa argues that scholars of the Americas and the Atlantic world have not given Africa its due consideration as part of either the Atlantic world or the age of revolutions.

Islam --- Jihad. --- Sokoto Jihad, 1803-1830. --- Islam and state --- War --- War and Islam --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Fulani Jihad, 1803-1830 --- Sakkwato Jihad, 1803-1830 --- Fula (African people) --- Holy war (Islam) --- Islamic holy war --- Jahad --- Jehad --- Muslim holy war --- War (Islamic law) --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- History --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Usuman dan Fodio, --- Dan Fodio, Usuman, --- D̳anfodio, Usman, --- Danfodiyo, Uthman, --- Fodio, Usman ibn, --- Fodio, Usuman dan, --- Fodio, Uthman ibn, --- Foduye, Usman B., --- Foduy̳e, Usuman b̳ii, --- Fûdî, Osman b., --- Fuduy̳e, Uthman dan, --- Ibn Fodio, Uthman, --- Ibn Fūdī, ʻUthmān ibn Muḥammad, --- Osman b. Fûdî, --- Othman dan Fodio, --- ʻUthmān bin Fūdī, --- ʻUthmān ibn Fūdī, --- ʻUt̲mān b. Fūdī, --- Usman B. Foduye, --- Usman dan Fodio, --- Usman ibn Fodio, --- Usmanu Dan Fodiyo, --- Usuman b̳ii Foduy̳e, --- Usumanu Dan Fodiyo, --- Usmanu Dan Fodiye, --- Uthman b. Fodio, --- Uthman b. Foduye, --- ʻUthmān dan Fodio, --- ʻUthmān dān Fūdiyū, --- Uthman dan Fuduy̳e, --- Uthman ibn Fodio, --- Uthman Danfodiyo, --- عثمان بن فودي --- عثمان بن فودي، --- West Africa. --- Africa, Western --- West Africa --- Western Africa --- Africa, West

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